(Nightingale) SCI 225 Pathophysiology - Week 4 Cardiovascular Disorders - Content Review Exam

SCI 225
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY




Week 4: Cardiovascular
Disorders




CONTENT REVIEW EXAM




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,1. Which of the following best defines myocardial ischemia?
- A) Total blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
- B) Insufficient blood flow to meet metabolic demands of the
heart
- C) Decreased heart rate due to increased vagal tone
- D) Heart muscle death due to prolonged oxygen deprivation


Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the
heart is reduced, preventing it from receiving adequate oxygen to
meet its metabolic needs.


2. In congestive heart failure (CHF), which compensatory
mechanism is activated first?
- A) Increased heart rate
- B) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS)
- C) Ventricular hypertrophy
- D) Decreased peripheral resistance


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, Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The heart rate increases initially to compensate for
reduced cardiac output in CHF.


3. Which of the following is a common lab finding in patients
with heart failure?
- A) Increased creatinine levels
- B) Decreased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- C) Hypokalemia
- D) Increased hemoglobin concentration


Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidney function often declines in heart failure,
leading to increased creatinine levels due to reduced renal
perfusion.


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#### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions


4. The most common cause of _____ in developed countries is
coronary artery disease.
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