Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Questions and Answers 2024

t.i.d q.i.d b.i.d - three times a day (ter in die) four times a day (quater in die) twice a day (bis in die) Pharmacokinetics - complex series of events involving how the body reacts to the movement of drugs in the body. Occurs after drug administration Pharmacodynamics - study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action in the body. nebulizer - device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment (to kill small organisms or open lungs) metered-dose inhaler - handheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation. anesthetic gases - gaseous forms given with vaporizers transdermal (topical) drugs - drugs placed on the skin (patch) allowing slow absorption over time concentration gradient - drugs moving from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration Bioavailability - measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is available to patient water-soluble drugs - Drugs that dissolve in water and tend to stay in the bloodstream and either stay free or bond to various proteins (albumin) lipid-soluble drugs - drugs absorbed by bodily fats and move out of the bloodstream into the interstitial space (between organs and tissues) fat, liver, bone, and kidneys act as storage sites for these drugs. placenta - blood brain barrier preventing blood from entering the brain tissues. may also interfere with the absorption of certain drugs. provides nutrients to fetus. drug excretion - the process of eliminating medications, through the liver (bile), kidneys (urine), but also through mammary glands, sweat, feces, and saliva. residues - drugs that will appear in the animal's milk or meat products, can cause allergic reactions or cause bacteria to become resistant to certain antibiotics. can result in cancer. efficacy - degree to which desired effect is achieved potency - amount of drug needed to produce desired effect. represented by a dose-responsive curve lethal dose (LD50) - Dose that's lethal to kill 50% of animals given that drug effective dose (ED50) - Dose that produced the desired effect in 50% of animals given that drug elixirs - compound liquid meds held in a solution by alcohol, contain flavorings to mask the drug taste. 4 types of syringes - 1) Slip tip- most common 2) Luer lock- screw top, thick fluids 3) Eccentric tip- larger volumes into a vein 4) Catheter tip- good for oral feedings IV catheter - placed into vein to allow repeated injections, makes repetitive intravenous meds easier. butterfly catheter used for short term IV therapy endotracheal tubes - Artificial airways placed into the trachea for controlled ventilation tranquilizers - compounds used to calm or quiet a patient. acepromazine & chlorpromazine Neuroleptanalgesics - - combination of an opioid and tranquilizer or sedative - cause CNS depression and analgesia and may or may not produce unconsciousness Combinations prepared by veterinarians include...