What is a gene? - Answer-a short section of DNA- each gene codes for a particular
combination of amino acids which make a specific protein
What molecule are genes made of? - Answer-DNA
How do cells make proteins? - Answer-stringing amino acids together in a particular
order
How many amino acids are used? - Answer-20, but they make up thousands of different
proteins
What is DNA finger printing? - Answer-a way of cutting up a persons DNA into small
sections and separating them
What is DNA fingerprinting used in? - Answer-- forensic science
- paternity testing
What is forensic science? - Answer-DNA taken from a crime scene is compared with a
DNA sample taken from a suspect.
What is paternity testing? - Answer-to see if a man is the father of a particular child
What does mitosis create new cells for? - Answer-grow or to replace cells that have
been damaged
How many chromosomes does a human body cell have? - Answer-46 chromosomes,
23 pairs
Explain the process of mitosis. - Answer-- the cell gets the signal to divide and
duplicates its DNA so that there is one copy for each new cell
- chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
- cell fibres pull them apart (the two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of
the cell)
- Membranes form around each set of chromosomes, these become nuclei of two new
cells
- cytoplasm divides
- Two IDENTICAL new cells
1|Page
,What is mitosis an example of? - Answer-- asexual reproduction
- the offspring have exactly the same genes as the parent, so there's no variation
How many chromosomes do gametes have? - Answer-23 individual chromosomes
Explain the process of meiosis - Answer-- before the cell divides it duplicates DNA
- in the first division of meiosis the chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell
- the pairs are pulled apart, so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosome.
some of the fathers chromosomes and some of the mothers chromosomes go into each
cell
- in the second division the chromosomes line up again in the centre of the cell, the
arms of the chromosomes are pulled apart
- 4 gametes each with a single set of chromosomes
Whats the difference between meiosis and mitosis? - Answer-- meiosis makes half the
original amount of chromosomes and only happens in reproductive organs and creates
sex cells
- after two gametes join at fertilization, the cell grows repeatedly by mitosis. mitosis
creates 2 identical cells
What are stem cells? - Answer-undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into any type
of cell depending on what instructions they're given
Where can stem cells be found? - Answer-- embryos
- adult bone marrow
How are stem cells able to cure disease? - Answer-- blood disease, treated with bone
marrow transplant
bone marrow contains stem cells that can turn into new blood cells to replace faulty old
ones
How can embryonic stem cells be used in sick people? - Answer-- to replace faulty cells
e.g. you could make beating heart muscle cells for people with heart disease
e.g. you could make insulin producing cells for people with diabetes
e.g. you could make nerve cells for people paralysed by spinal injuries
2|Page
, What can an undifferentiated embryonic stem cell differentiate into? - Answer-- nerve
cells, helps paralysis
- muscle cells
- whole organs
In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole? - Answer-
plant cell
What does an animal cell have? - Answer-- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
What does the nucleus do? - Answer-contains genetic material that controls the
activities of the cell
What is the cytoplasm? - Answer-gel-like substance where most of the chemical
reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
What is the cell membrane - Answer-holds the cell together and controls what goes in
and out
What happens in the mitochondria? - Answer-these are where most of the reactions for
respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work
What happens in the ribosomes? - Answer-these are where proteins are made in the
cell
What does a bacterial cell NOT have? - Answer-a nucleus- genetic material floats in the
cytoplasm
What is a yeast cell an example of? - Answer-a single cell organism
What does a yeast cell have? - Answer-- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- surrounding cell wall
How is a leaf cell different from a yeast cell? - Answer-leaf cells have chloroplasts and a
cellulose cell wall. yeast cells have neither
What is the definition of diffusion? - Answer-the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES from
an area of HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION
or
3|Page
combination of amino acids which make a specific protein
What molecule are genes made of? - Answer-DNA
How do cells make proteins? - Answer-stringing amino acids together in a particular
order
How many amino acids are used? - Answer-20, but they make up thousands of different
proteins
What is DNA finger printing? - Answer-a way of cutting up a persons DNA into small
sections and separating them
What is DNA fingerprinting used in? - Answer-- forensic science
- paternity testing
What is forensic science? - Answer-DNA taken from a crime scene is compared with a
DNA sample taken from a suspect.
What is paternity testing? - Answer-to see if a man is the father of a particular child
What does mitosis create new cells for? - Answer-grow or to replace cells that have
been damaged
How many chromosomes does a human body cell have? - Answer-46 chromosomes,
23 pairs
Explain the process of mitosis. - Answer-- the cell gets the signal to divide and
duplicates its DNA so that there is one copy for each new cell
- chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
- cell fibres pull them apart (the two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of
the cell)
- Membranes form around each set of chromosomes, these become nuclei of two new
cells
- cytoplasm divides
- Two IDENTICAL new cells
1|Page
,What is mitosis an example of? - Answer-- asexual reproduction
- the offspring have exactly the same genes as the parent, so there's no variation
How many chromosomes do gametes have? - Answer-23 individual chromosomes
Explain the process of meiosis - Answer-- before the cell divides it duplicates DNA
- in the first division of meiosis the chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell
- the pairs are pulled apart, so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosome.
some of the fathers chromosomes and some of the mothers chromosomes go into each
cell
- in the second division the chromosomes line up again in the centre of the cell, the
arms of the chromosomes are pulled apart
- 4 gametes each with a single set of chromosomes
Whats the difference between meiosis and mitosis? - Answer-- meiosis makes half the
original amount of chromosomes and only happens in reproductive organs and creates
sex cells
- after two gametes join at fertilization, the cell grows repeatedly by mitosis. mitosis
creates 2 identical cells
What are stem cells? - Answer-undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into any type
of cell depending on what instructions they're given
Where can stem cells be found? - Answer-- embryos
- adult bone marrow
How are stem cells able to cure disease? - Answer-- blood disease, treated with bone
marrow transplant
bone marrow contains stem cells that can turn into new blood cells to replace faulty old
ones
How can embryonic stem cells be used in sick people? - Answer-- to replace faulty cells
e.g. you could make beating heart muscle cells for people with heart disease
e.g. you could make insulin producing cells for people with diabetes
e.g. you could make nerve cells for people paralysed by spinal injuries
2|Page
, What can an undifferentiated embryonic stem cell differentiate into? - Answer-- nerve
cells, helps paralysis
- muscle cells
- whole organs
In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole? - Answer-
plant cell
What does an animal cell have? - Answer-- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
What does the nucleus do? - Answer-contains genetic material that controls the
activities of the cell
What is the cytoplasm? - Answer-gel-like substance where most of the chemical
reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
What is the cell membrane - Answer-holds the cell together and controls what goes in
and out
What happens in the mitochondria? - Answer-these are where most of the reactions for
respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work
What happens in the ribosomes? - Answer-these are where proteins are made in the
cell
What does a bacterial cell NOT have? - Answer-a nucleus- genetic material floats in the
cytoplasm
What is a yeast cell an example of? - Answer-a single cell organism
What does a yeast cell have? - Answer-- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- surrounding cell wall
How is a leaf cell different from a yeast cell? - Answer-leaf cells have chloroplasts and a
cellulose cell wall. yeast cells have neither
What is the definition of diffusion? - Answer-the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES from
an area of HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION
or
3|Page
