NURS 334 Perfusion Review Questions
and Correct Answers
Central perfusion ✅refers to the force of blood movement generated by cardiac output;
requires adequate cardiac function, BP. And blood volume
Tissue or local perfusion ✅blood flow to the tissues; requires patent vessels. Adequate
hydrostatic pressure and capillary perfusion
Ischemia ✅inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
Infarction ✅tissue death cause by lack of O2 due to an obstruction of lack of blood
supply
Anoxia ✅absence of oxygen
Ischemia, cell injury and cell death ✅what happens with untreated impaired central
perfusion and or impaired tissue (local) perfusion?
Middle aged/ older adults, men, african americans ✅The four populations at greatest
risk for impaired perfusion
Smoking, obesity, traumatic injury, chronic illnesses, hypertension, history of
hyperlipidemia or heart issues, sedentary lifestyle, high sodium or lipid count, diabetes
✅individual risk factors for impaired perfusion
Poor feeding
Poor weight gain
Failure to thrive
Dusky color
Fatigue, SOB
Failure to hit milestones
Squatting (in attempts to increase blood flow) ✅indicators of impaired perfusion in
infants and children
Creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, natriuretic peptides, troponin, homocysteine, C-
reactive protein (all things that increase when there is damage to the heart, tissue
damage, or inflammation/injury to the body); PT, platelets, aptt, INR, serum lipids ✅lab
/ blood tests for impaired perfusion
EKG, cardiac stress tests, chest xray, ultrasound, arteriogram, doppler flow studies, AB
index ✅non-lab tests/diagnostics you can do for impaired perfusion
, Smoking cessation, diet, exercise, weight control, blood pressure screening and lipid
screening ✅primary prevention and screening that should be done to avoid impaired
perfusion
Antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, inotropics, antianginal agents, vasopressors,
vasodilators ✅different drug categories used to treat impaired central perfusion
(REMEMBER: central perfusion is mainly the heart and BP)
Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, statins, antiplatelets ✅different drug categories used to
treat impaired tissue (local) perfusion (think PERIPHERAL...blood vessels)
Improve the rhythm of the heart and heart rate (Tambovcor, Sotalol, Procanbid)
✅define antiarrhythmic drugs + examples?
Used to improve circulation; dopamine and norepinephrine ✅what do inotropic drugs
do? Give some examples
Nitroglycerine - basically anything with Nitro in it;
Treat chest pain and ultimately improve circulation ✅examples of antianginal agents;
what do they do?
Isoprel and dobutamine; improve circulation ✅examples of vasopressors; what do they
do (broad)?
Dilate bv's thus improving blood flow and circulation; nitroglycerin and hydralazine
✅define vasodilators and give two examples
Coumadin, heparin, lovenox, xarelto; thins the blood and decreases clot formation
✅define anticoagulants and give examples
Used for strokes and heart attacks to bust up blood clots; reteplase, urokinase; all end
in -ase ✅define thrombolytics and give examples
Lower lipid levels; all end in -statin ✅define statins; what do they do?
Dilate the bvs; aspirin and clopidogrel ✅define antiplatelet drugs and give some
examples
Pacemaker, ablation therapy, intraaortic balloon pump, cardiac valve surgery, cardiac
transplant ✅surgical/procedural interventions for impaired central perfusion
Bypass or graft surgery to divert blood around an area of blockage; stent or angioplasty
✅surgical/procedural interventions for impaired tissue/local perfusion
and Correct Answers
Central perfusion ✅refers to the force of blood movement generated by cardiac output;
requires adequate cardiac function, BP. And blood volume
Tissue or local perfusion ✅blood flow to the tissues; requires patent vessels. Adequate
hydrostatic pressure and capillary perfusion
Ischemia ✅inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
Infarction ✅tissue death cause by lack of O2 due to an obstruction of lack of blood
supply
Anoxia ✅absence of oxygen
Ischemia, cell injury and cell death ✅what happens with untreated impaired central
perfusion and or impaired tissue (local) perfusion?
Middle aged/ older adults, men, african americans ✅The four populations at greatest
risk for impaired perfusion
Smoking, obesity, traumatic injury, chronic illnesses, hypertension, history of
hyperlipidemia or heart issues, sedentary lifestyle, high sodium or lipid count, diabetes
✅individual risk factors for impaired perfusion
Poor feeding
Poor weight gain
Failure to thrive
Dusky color
Fatigue, SOB
Failure to hit milestones
Squatting (in attempts to increase blood flow) ✅indicators of impaired perfusion in
infants and children
Creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, natriuretic peptides, troponin, homocysteine, C-
reactive protein (all things that increase when there is damage to the heart, tissue
damage, or inflammation/injury to the body); PT, platelets, aptt, INR, serum lipids ✅lab
/ blood tests for impaired perfusion
EKG, cardiac stress tests, chest xray, ultrasound, arteriogram, doppler flow studies, AB
index ✅non-lab tests/diagnostics you can do for impaired perfusion
, Smoking cessation, diet, exercise, weight control, blood pressure screening and lipid
screening ✅primary prevention and screening that should be done to avoid impaired
perfusion
Antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, inotropics, antianginal agents, vasopressors,
vasodilators ✅different drug categories used to treat impaired central perfusion
(REMEMBER: central perfusion is mainly the heart and BP)
Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, statins, antiplatelets ✅different drug categories used to
treat impaired tissue (local) perfusion (think PERIPHERAL...blood vessels)
Improve the rhythm of the heart and heart rate (Tambovcor, Sotalol, Procanbid)
✅define antiarrhythmic drugs + examples?
Used to improve circulation; dopamine and norepinephrine ✅what do inotropic drugs
do? Give some examples
Nitroglycerine - basically anything with Nitro in it;
Treat chest pain and ultimately improve circulation ✅examples of antianginal agents;
what do they do?
Isoprel and dobutamine; improve circulation ✅examples of vasopressors; what do they
do (broad)?
Dilate bv's thus improving blood flow and circulation; nitroglycerin and hydralazine
✅define vasodilators and give two examples
Coumadin, heparin, lovenox, xarelto; thins the blood and decreases clot formation
✅define anticoagulants and give examples
Used for strokes and heart attacks to bust up blood clots; reteplase, urokinase; all end
in -ase ✅define thrombolytics and give examples
Lower lipid levels; all end in -statin ✅define statins; what do they do?
Dilate the bvs; aspirin and clopidogrel ✅define antiplatelet drugs and give some
examples
Pacemaker, ablation therapy, intraaortic balloon pump, cardiac valve surgery, cardiac
transplant ✅surgical/procedural interventions for impaired central perfusion
Bypass or graft surgery to divert blood around an area of blockage; stent or angioplasty
✅surgical/procedural interventions for impaired tissue/local perfusion
