Nitrogen Metabolism (MCBM Exam 3)
Questions and Answers (Graded A)
Intestinal enzymes come from the ______ - ANSWER - pancreas
Nitrogen primarily comes from ______ - ANSWER - protein
N balance - ANSWER - -when nitrogen intake = loss
-in healthy adults
(+) N balance - ANSWER - -when nitrogen intake > nitrogen loss
-occurs in growing children, pregnant women, illness/trauma recovery
(-) N balance - ANSWER - -when nitrogen loss > nitrogen intake
-due to starvation
_______ is a disease due to (-) N balance - ANSWER - Kwashiorkor
-when loss > intake
___ % of nitrogen excretion is through urea - ANSWER - 86%
Ureotelic things - ANSWER - excrete urea
-occurs in terrestrial animals (us)
Ammonotelic things - ANSWER - excrete ammonia directly
-occurs in bony fish
Urea Cycle Step 2: - ANSWER - -Carbamoyl phosphate condenses with Ornithine to make
Citruline via ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMOYLASE
, -occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Urea Cycle Step 3: - ANSWER - -Citruline condenses with Aspartate to make Argininosuccinate
via argininosuccinate synthase
-occurs in cytosol
Urea Cycle Step 4: - ANSWER - -Argininosuccinate ---> Arginine via argininosuccinate lyase
-occurs in cytosol
Urea Cycle Step 5: - ANSWER - -Arginine is converted into Urea via enzyme argininase
-this step regenerates Ornithine
Uricotelic things - ANSWER - excrete uric acid
-occurs in birds & reptiles
what are the 3 stomach digestion cells? - ANSWER - mucosal, parietal, chief
Mucosal cells of the stomach produce ___ and _____ - ANSWER - gastrin and histamine
Parietal cells of the stomach produce _____ - ANSWER - HCl
Chief cells of the stomach make ______ - ANSWER - pepsinogen
the stomach secreting all these things is initiated by ____ - ANSWER - ACh (acetylcholine)
What is the end result of digestion in the stomach? - ANSWER - liquid chyme
the intestinal mucosa produces 2 hormones which are ____ and ____, and 1 enzyme which is
____ - ANSWER - 2 hormones: cholecystokinin and secretin
1 enzyme: enteropeptidase
Questions and Answers (Graded A)
Intestinal enzymes come from the ______ - ANSWER - pancreas
Nitrogen primarily comes from ______ - ANSWER - protein
N balance - ANSWER - -when nitrogen intake = loss
-in healthy adults
(+) N balance - ANSWER - -when nitrogen intake > nitrogen loss
-occurs in growing children, pregnant women, illness/trauma recovery
(-) N balance - ANSWER - -when nitrogen loss > nitrogen intake
-due to starvation
_______ is a disease due to (-) N balance - ANSWER - Kwashiorkor
-when loss > intake
___ % of nitrogen excretion is through urea - ANSWER - 86%
Ureotelic things - ANSWER - excrete urea
-occurs in terrestrial animals (us)
Ammonotelic things - ANSWER - excrete ammonia directly
-occurs in bony fish
Urea Cycle Step 2: - ANSWER - -Carbamoyl phosphate condenses with Ornithine to make
Citruline via ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMOYLASE
, -occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Urea Cycle Step 3: - ANSWER - -Citruline condenses with Aspartate to make Argininosuccinate
via argininosuccinate synthase
-occurs in cytosol
Urea Cycle Step 4: - ANSWER - -Argininosuccinate ---> Arginine via argininosuccinate lyase
-occurs in cytosol
Urea Cycle Step 5: - ANSWER - -Arginine is converted into Urea via enzyme argininase
-this step regenerates Ornithine
Uricotelic things - ANSWER - excrete uric acid
-occurs in birds & reptiles
what are the 3 stomach digestion cells? - ANSWER - mucosal, parietal, chief
Mucosal cells of the stomach produce ___ and _____ - ANSWER - gastrin and histamine
Parietal cells of the stomach produce _____ - ANSWER - HCl
Chief cells of the stomach make ______ - ANSWER - pepsinogen
the stomach secreting all these things is initiated by ____ - ANSWER - ACh (acetylcholine)
What is the end result of digestion in the stomach? - ANSWER - liquid chyme
the intestinal mucosa produces 2 hormones which are ____ and ____, and 1 enzyme which is
____ - ANSWER - 2 hormones: cholecystokinin and secretin
1 enzyme: enteropeptidase
