NAU BIO 182 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SOLVED SOLUTIONS

Coriolis Effect - - The way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left. - adds in the effect of Earth's rotation, deflecting surface flow westward Climate - prevailing weather pattern in a region -Includes temperature, precipitation, wind, and light - Climate determines the occurrence of different biomes - major community types Climate: Convection Cells - - Based on warmth at equator causing air to rise and flow north and south toward poles - Air would cool and fall, flowing back to the equator Climate: Major Biomes - - Determined by temperature differences and wind patterns Adiabatic cooling - - increasing elevation leads to 10C drop for every 1,000m Rain Shadow - Warm, moist air flows up mountain and cools releasing precipitation, leeward side allows drier air to descend, forming area of low precipitation Sea Breezes - - Cool daytime breezes in costal areas - During the day, land heats up and air rises, pulling cool ocean air to replace it - At night, land cools quicker than the sea and the pattern reverses- causes offshore breezes. - The sea moderates costal and island temperatures 10 major terrestrial biomes - 1. Tropical rain forest 2. Tropical deciduous forest 3a. Temperate rain forest3b. Temperate coniferous forest (taiga) 4. Temperate deciduous forest 5. Tropical grassland (savanna) 6. Temperate grassland (prairie) 7. Hot desert 8. Cold desert 9. Tundra 10. Mountain ranges Terrestrial biomes are classified according to physical factors - average annual precipitation and temperature Tropical Rain Forest - -230cm precip -25o-29 C -Soils shallow, nutrient poor -100+ tree species/km2 -Vines, epiphytes common -Diverse animal life Insects, reptiles, amphib, mammals- large mammals rare Tropical Deciduous Forest - -120-280 cm/yr precip -25-39o C -Understory grows when trees shed leaves -Animal diversity high, monkeys, pigs, antelope, tigers -Tropical Thorn forests contain more browsing mammals- hence develp of thorns on plants Temperate Deciduous Forest - - 75-200 cm precip - Winter -12 o C- Species diversity lower than in tropics 3-4 species/km2 - Summer, forest not dense - Mammals hibernate during winter, birds migrate, insects dormant, reptiles uncommon - Squirrels, wolves, bobcats, bear, mountain lion Temperate Rain Forest - - 200+ cm/yr precip - Coastal fog belts increase precip - 0-27o C - Only in coastal areas - Large conifers, epiphytes - Mule deer, elk, squirrels, birds reptiles, amphibians