Metallurgy Part 1 Class 12thNEET Chemistry notes NCERT

Metallurgy might cover the following key points:Introduction to Metallurgy: Explanation of metallurgy as the process of extraction of metals from ores, focusing on physical and chemical principles.Stages of Metallurgy:Crushing and Grinding: Initial breakdown of ores into smaller particles.Concentration of Ore: Methods such as gravity separation, froth flotation, magnetic separation, etc., for removing impurities from the ore.Extraction of Metals: Techniques like pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy for metal extraction from the concentrated ore.Refining of Metals: Methods for purifying the extracted metals (electrolytic refining, distillation, zone refining, etc.).Thermodynamics of Metallurgy: Concepts like Gibbs free energy, Ellingham diagrams, and their relevance in predicting the feasibility of reduction processes.Common Examples of Metallurgy: Descriptions of the metallurgy of important metals like iron (blast furnace process), aluminum (Hall-Héroult process), copper, and zinc.Environmental Aspects of Metallurgy: Discussion on the environmental impacts and measures to reduce pollution caused by metallurgical processes.