Microbiology with Diseases by
Taxonomy Exam 1 Questions and
Answers
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
✓ ~~~ Lens Grinder
✓ Produced the Microscope
✓ Discovered Microbes: Protozoa & Algae (larger)
✓ Discovered Bacteria (smaller)
Carolus Lunneaus
✓ ~~~ Developed the Taxonomic System (categories)
✓ Bacteria & Archaea (prokaryotic)
✓ Protozoa, Algae, & Fungi (eukaryotic)
Prokaryote
✓ ~~~ Any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles and that are classified as a kingdom or into two domains.
Eukaryote
✓ ~~~ Microorganisms that have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus,
which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope.
Bacteria
✓ ~~~ Ubiquitous on Earth (found everywhere)
✓ Diverse metabolism
✓ Asexual reproduction (can reproduce without mating)
✓ Nutrient recyclers for the planet and are decomposers
✓ Most are not human pathogens
Archaea
, ✓ ~~~ Live in extreme environments
✓ Extreme metabolism
✓ Asexual reproduction
✓ No known human diseases
Examples of Bacteria
✓ ~~~ Mitochondria
Cyanobacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chloroplasts
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Thermotoga
Examples of Eukarya
✓ ~~~ Fungi
Animals
Cellular Slime Molds
Oomycotes
Plants
Amoeba
Ciliates
Chromista
Euglenozoa
Plasmodial Slime Molds
,Microspores
Archaezoa
Examples of Archaea
✓ ~~~ Extreme Halophiles
Methanogens
Hyperthermophiles
Protozoa
✓ ~~~ Animal-like single-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Move usually by pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella
Asexual mostly - some sexual reproduction
Example: Amoebas
Algae
✓ ~~~ Plant-like single or multi-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Sexual reproduction
Not usually harmful to humans
Fungi
, ✓ ~~~ Single or multi-celled decomposer eukaryotes
Sexual and Asexual spores
Compete and balance with bacteria
Example: Yeast or mold
Louis Pasteur
✓ ~~~ Disproved "spontaneous generation" (the production of living organisms from non-
living matter) aka Abiogenesis via the Swan neck flask experiment
Discovered fermentation was done by yeast and bacteria
Discovered pasteurization
Swan Neck Flask Experiment
✓ ~~~ Infusion put into flask with "S" shaped neck
Infusion is boiled to kill all microorganisms
Microorganisms trying to enter the flask are stuck in the "S" curves of the neck
When flask is tipped the trapped microorganisms are allowed to enter the sterile
infusion
Microorganisms quickly multiplied in the infusion
Fermentation
✓ ~~~ Metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol
Pasteurization
Taxonomy Exam 1 Questions and
Answers
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
✓ ~~~ Lens Grinder
✓ Produced the Microscope
✓ Discovered Microbes: Protozoa & Algae (larger)
✓ Discovered Bacteria (smaller)
Carolus Lunneaus
✓ ~~~ Developed the Taxonomic System (categories)
✓ Bacteria & Archaea (prokaryotic)
✓ Protozoa, Algae, & Fungi (eukaryotic)
Prokaryote
✓ ~~~ Any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles and that are classified as a kingdom or into two domains.
Eukaryote
✓ ~~~ Microorganisms that have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus,
which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope.
Bacteria
✓ ~~~ Ubiquitous on Earth (found everywhere)
✓ Diverse metabolism
✓ Asexual reproduction (can reproduce without mating)
✓ Nutrient recyclers for the planet and are decomposers
✓ Most are not human pathogens
Archaea
, ✓ ~~~ Live in extreme environments
✓ Extreme metabolism
✓ Asexual reproduction
✓ No known human diseases
Examples of Bacteria
✓ ~~~ Mitochondria
Cyanobacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chloroplasts
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Thermotoga
Examples of Eukarya
✓ ~~~ Fungi
Animals
Cellular Slime Molds
Oomycotes
Plants
Amoeba
Ciliates
Chromista
Euglenozoa
Plasmodial Slime Molds
,Microspores
Archaezoa
Examples of Archaea
✓ ~~~ Extreme Halophiles
Methanogens
Hyperthermophiles
Protozoa
✓ ~~~ Animal-like single-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Move usually by pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella
Asexual mostly - some sexual reproduction
Example: Amoebas
Algae
✓ ~~~ Plant-like single or multi-celled aquatic eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Sexual reproduction
Not usually harmful to humans
Fungi
, ✓ ~~~ Single or multi-celled decomposer eukaryotes
Sexual and Asexual spores
Compete and balance with bacteria
Example: Yeast or mold
Louis Pasteur
✓ ~~~ Disproved "spontaneous generation" (the production of living organisms from non-
living matter) aka Abiogenesis via the Swan neck flask experiment
Discovered fermentation was done by yeast and bacteria
Discovered pasteurization
Swan Neck Flask Experiment
✓ ~~~ Infusion put into flask with "S" shaped neck
Infusion is boiled to kill all microorganisms
Microorganisms trying to enter the flask are stuck in the "S" curves of the neck
When flask is tipped the trapped microorganisms are allowed to enter the sterile
infusion
Microorganisms quickly multiplied in the infusion
Fermentation
✓ ~~~ Metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol
Pasteurization
