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Samenvatting ziekten - Pathofysiologie III: cardio nefro en pneumologie

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samenvatting van de ziekten pathofysiologie III, cardio + nefro + pneumologie ugent farmaceutische wetenschappen

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klinisch probleem oorzaak symptomen + onderzoek evt behandeling hoofdstuk

angina pectoris/ angor hart krijgt onvoldoende zuurstof toegediend d.: sympt rust, nitraten 2.6.2
* onstabiele angor (veel minder aanvoer aan hart) retrosternale druk (uitstraling L arm, preventie: doorbloedin
:als klachten niet - dichtslibben coronairen (stenose) keel, buik), sympt↑ als O2-verbruik↑ - ∆ levensstijl gsstoornisse
verdwijnen d. rust of - letsels thv coronairen (d. inspanning, emoties), koude → - gm: cholesterol↓ n hart
nitraten d. vaatstijfheid & lage diastol druk vasoconstr coronairen → perfusie ↓ (atorvastatine, pravastatine),
d. microvasculair lijden @myocard anti aggregerende gm
* Prinz-Metal/ vasospast. d. anemie diagnose (acetylsalicylzuur) (gn klonter)
angor d. aortakleplijden (belangr v. perfusie) - anamnese
: uitgelokt d. vasospasmen d. cardiale hypertrofie - ECG (verstoorde repolarisatie) gm beh/ conservatieve beh:
v coronairen (hartspiercellen ✝ nt af (gn tropines) → rev) → ↓ Tgolf/ ↑/↓STsegm) : balans O2 aan/ afvoer optim.
→ tijdens klachten (uitlokken) - β1-antag: O2 verbruik ↓
- inspanningsproef/ cycloergometrie(F) - Ca2+ antag: O2 aanvoer ↑
→ inspanning d. fietsen
/ d. gm (dipyridamol, dobutamine) mechanische interv:
→ meten v ECG : bloedvoorziening mech
- myocardscintigrafie (F) herstellen (vernauwing
→ merkers: ra isotopen (aan O2) wegwerken/ overbruggen)
- echocardiografie (F) - PCI (percutane coron
→ onderzoek L ventr-wand interv): ballon @coronairen
→ zoeken hypo/ akinet zones (mbv stent tegen vernauwing)
- coronarografie (A) - CABG (coron artery bypass
→ röntgencontrastvl. grafting): opheffen v
- magnetische resonantie vernauwing d. overbrugging
→ hart stil leggen/ octopus

(acuut) myocardinfarct hart krijgt langdurig onvoldoende zuurstof sympt - PCI: snel 2.6.2
/ AMI → @ischemische zone ✝ cellen af retrosternale druk (verdwijnt nt bij rust), v. STEMI: binnen 1-2u doorbloedin
(irrev) (hartspiercellen ✝ af (tropines) → irrev) kortademig, vagale sympt v. NSTEMI: binnen 48-72u gsstoornisse




1

, diagnose v. onstab angor: binnen 7d n hart
- ECG (↑ST-segm) - (trombolytica)
- hartenzymen - gm beh
: ✝ harspiercellen lossen enzymen - anti-aggregerende gm
(tropine I, T, CK, AST) → ≠ t½ meten (acetylsalicylzuur)
- coronarografie - β-blokkers (bisopolol)
- ACE-inhib (lisinopril)

kleplijden insufficiëntie diagnose 2.7.1
hartklep sluit onvoldoende → bloed kan terug - stethoscoop: hartgeruis aandoening
naar vorig compartiment - echo doppler: visualisatie en
→ aortaklep insuff: - hartkatheterisatie: hemodynamiek en hartklleppen
V overbel hart drukverloop
→ mitralisklep insuff:
V overbel L ventr, P overbel L atr
stenose
hartklep opent onvoldoende → uitstroom
belemmerd
→ aortaklep sten:
V overbel L ventr
→ mitralisklep sten:
P overbel L atr
gemengd kleplijden
samen
d.: (v gecc)
- calcificatie
- endocarditis
- gewrichtsreuma
- chordaruptuur
- ventrikeldilatatie



2

, pericarditis 2.3 pericard
- acute pericarditis : acute onsteking v pericard
d. infectie, auto immuun ziekte, toxiciteit
- pericardtamponade : vochtuitstorting in pericardiale ruimte
- pericarditis constrictiva : verlittekening v pericard
d. calcificatie, ontsteking

subendocardiaal infarct d. verdikking ventrikelwand → afstand tot
coronairen↑ → binnenkant hartspier minder O2

sinustachycardie sinusknoop produceert hoger hartritme sympt: 3.3.1
(>100/min) hartkloppingen sinusknoop
d. aritmieën
- noradrenaline/ adrenaline (OS)
→ stim β1 recept → hartritme ↑
- t°↑
- te veel thyroïdhormoon (hyperthyreose)
- bij hypoxie/ anemie (hart compens O2↓)

sinusbradycardie sinusknoop produceert lager hartritme 3.3.1
(<60/min) sinusknoop
d. aritmieën
- acetylcholine (PS)
→ stim muscarine recept → hartritme ↓
- te laag thyroïdhormoon (hypothyreose)
- bij hartinfarct/ d. beta blokkers

Sick sinus syndroom tempo regulatie sinusknoop verstoord: sympt: evt pacemaker (als sympt niet 3.3.1
vuurt eens traag, eens snel hartkloppingen, flauwvallen d. medicatie komen) sinusknoop
evt d. medicatie (beta blokkers) aritmieën




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