PSY 252 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Attitudes are favourable, negative, or mixed reactions to people, objects, or ideas.
Attitude scales - ANSWER A multi-item questionnaire used to assess a person's
attitude towards a specific object.
bogus pipeline - ANSWER A phoney lie detector gadget that is occasionally used
to persuade respondents to give genuine answers to sensitive enquiries.
Facial electromyograph (EMG) - ANSWER An electronic device that measures
facial muscle activity connected with emotions and attitudes.
Implicit attitudes - ANSWER An unconsciously held attitude, such as prejudice.
Implicit Association Test (IAT) - ANSWER A covert assessment of unconscious
views based on how quickly people respond to pairs or concepts, such as black or
white, good or bad.
Evaluative conditioning is the process by which we establish an attitude towards a
neutral stimulus based on its association with a positive or negative person, place,
or thing.
The idea of planned behaviour states that attitudes towards a certain behaviour,
combined with subjective norms and perceived control, impact a person's actions.
Persuasion is the process of changing people's attitudes.
,The central path to persuasion is the process by which a person attentively
considers communication and is influenced by the strength of its arguments.
The peripheral path to persuasion is the process by which a person is affected by
superficial indications rather than thinking critically about a communication.
elaboration - ANSWER The process of considering and scrutinising the arguments
presented in a persuasive message.
The sleeper effect is a delayed increase in the persuasive effects of a non-credible
source.
Need for cognition (NC) - ANSWER A personality trait that distinguishes people
based on how much they appreciate difficult cognitive tasks.
The inoculation theory proposes that exposure to weaker forms of a persuasive
argument develops later resistance to that argument.
psychological reactance - ANSWER The hypothesis that people respond to threats
to their freedom by expressing themselves and seeing the threatened freedom as
more appealing.
Cognitive dissonance theory - ANSWER Theory holds that contradictory
cognitions cause psychological tension, which people are motivated to alleviate.
Insufficient justification - ANSWER A situation in which people readily engage in
attitude-discrepant behaviour without earning a significant benefit.
inadequate deterrence - ANSWER A circumstance in which people refrain from
engaging in desirable behaviour despite the prospect of minor punishment.
, Collectivism - ANSWER A cultural attitude that prioritises interdependence,
collaboration, and societal harmony over individual goals.
Compliance - ANSWER Changes in behaviour prompted by direct requests.
Conformity - ANSWER The tendency to alter our perceptions, ideas, or behaviour
by social or group norms.
Door-in-the-face approach - ANSWER A two-step compliance technique in which
an influencer precedes the actual request with one that is so huge that it is denied.
Foot-in-the-door approach - ANSWER A two-step compliance technique in which
an influencer first gets a person to comply with a much minor request, laying the
groundwork for the larger request.
Individualism - ANSWER A cultural orientation in which independence,
autonomy, and self-reliance take precedence over collective loyalty.
Informational influence - ANSWER Influence that causes conformity when a
person believes others are correct in their assessments.
Lowballing - ANSWER A two-step compliance strategy in which the influencer
obtains agreement with a request but then increases the size of that request by
revealing hidden expenses.
Minority influence - ANSWER The process by which dissenters effect change
within a group.
Normative influence is the effect that causes conformity when a person is afraid of
the negative social repercussions of being perceived as deviant.
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Attitudes are favourable, negative, or mixed reactions to people, objects, or ideas.
Attitude scales - ANSWER A multi-item questionnaire used to assess a person's
attitude towards a specific object.
bogus pipeline - ANSWER A phoney lie detector gadget that is occasionally used
to persuade respondents to give genuine answers to sensitive enquiries.
Facial electromyograph (EMG) - ANSWER An electronic device that measures
facial muscle activity connected with emotions and attitudes.
Implicit attitudes - ANSWER An unconsciously held attitude, such as prejudice.
Implicit Association Test (IAT) - ANSWER A covert assessment of unconscious
views based on how quickly people respond to pairs or concepts, such as black or
white, good or bad.
Evaluative conditioning is the process by which we establish an attitude towards a
neutral stimulus based on its association with a positive or negative person, place,
or thing.
The idea of planned behaviour states that attitudes towards a certain behaviour,
combined with subjective norms and perceived control, impact a person's actions.
Persuasion is the process of changing people's attitudes.
,The central path to persuasion is the process by which a person attentively
considers communication and is influenced by the strength of its arguments.
The peripheral path to persuasion is the process by which a person is affected by
superficial indications rather than thinking critically about a communication.
elaboration - ANSWER The process of considering and scrutinising the arguments
presented in a persuasive message.
The sleeper effect is a delayed increase in the persuasive effects of a non-credible
source.
Need for cognition (NC) - ANSWER A personality trait that distinguishes people
based on how much they appreciate difficult cognitive tasks.
The inoculation theory proposes that exposure to weaker forms of a persuasive
argument develops later resistance to that argument.
psychological reactance - ANSWER The hypothesis that people respond to threats
to their freedom by expressing themselves and seeing the threatened freedom as
more appealing.
Cognitive dissonance theory - ANSWER Theory holds that contradictory
cognitions cause psychological tension, which people are motivated to alleviate.
Insufficient justification - ANSWER A situation in which people readily engage in
attitude-discrepant behaviour without earning a significant benefit.
inadequate deterrence - ANSWER A circumstance in which people refrain from
engaging in desirable behaviour despite the prospect of minor punishment.
, Collectivism - ANSWER A cultural attitude that prioritises interdependence,
collaboration, and societal harmony over individual goals.
Compliance - ANSWER Changes in behaviour prompted by direct requests.
Conformity - ANSWER The tendency to alter our perceptions, ideas, or behaviour
by social or group norms.
Door-in-the-face approach - ANSWER A two-step compliance technique in which
an influencer precedes the actual request with one that is so huge that it is denied.
Foot-in-the-door approach - ANSWER A two-step compliance technique in which
an influencer first gets a person to comply with a much minor request, laying the
groundwork for the larger request.
Individualism - ANSWER A cultural orientation in which independence,
autonomy, and self-reliance take precedence over collective loyalty.
Informational influence - ANSWER Influence that causes conformity when a
person believes others are correct in their assessments.
Lowballing - ANSWER A two-step compliance strategy in which the influencer
obtains agreement with a request but then increases the size of that request by
revealing hidden expenses.
Minority influence - ANSWER The process by which dissenters effect change
within a group.
Normative influence is the effect that causes conformity when a person is afraid of
the negative social repercussions of being perceived as deviant.
