CCEB PART A EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2024-2025
Answer PICA: biggest vertebral artery branch
Wallenberg syndrome—PICA or Lateral Medullary Syndrome.
the patient struggles to swallow or speak. due to PICA/other branch infarction
LSTT symptoms: contralateral pain, temperature deficiency
Spinal trigeminal nucleus symptoms: ipsilateral facial discomfort and temperature
loss
Answer influences vagus (X) and glossopharyngeal (IX). (primarily X)
dysphagia, hoarseness, reduced gag reflex
vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomiting
ANSWER sympathetic Horner's syndrome ptosis (droopy), mitosis (pupil
constriction), anhydrosis
ANSWER cerebellar signs, such as ataxia
Willis circle contains.... (5) Answer anterior cerebral artery.
communication artery anterior.
,inner carotid.
back of the brain.
posterior connecting artery
Horner syndrome causes—ANSWER PICA.
Pancoast tumor.
headache clusters.
trauma.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm.
middle-ear infection.
NF.
goitre.
MS.
Wallerian degeneration—cut/crushed nerve fibre. Axons deteriorate after
separation from cell bodies.
chronic adrenal insufficiency/hypocortisolism—Addison's disease.
adrenal glands produce too little glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids.
Imaging, DX blood testing.
addison's disease symptoms: insidious onset.
fatigue.
,weakening of muscles.
weight loss.
vomiting.
diarrhea.
headache.
sweating.
mood/personality shifts.
muscular and joint discomfort.
Orthostatic hypotension, low BP.
scar hyperpigmentation.
hypoglycemia.
hyponatremia (aldosterone deficiency).
Hyperkalemia (aldosterone deficiency adds potassium).
eosinophilia.
metabolic acidosis (distal tube sodium respiration causes aldosterone loss)
Syphilis—treponema pallidum spirochete.
TX intramuscular penicillins
3 stages syphilis—ANSWER 1. 1) chancre (stiff, painless ulceration).
2. secondary: red-pink trunk and extremity rash, condylomata lata, mucous patches,
fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, HA, meningismus, swollen lymphs.
, Latent infection: serological evidence but no symptoms.
3. Gummas can cause neuropathic joint illness, neurosyphilis, cardiovascular
syphilis, chronic dementia, argyll robertson pupil (cat eye), tabes dorsalis.
Syphilis test answers wasserman
Tetanus—clostridium tetani. neurotoxin. gram-positive. inhibits GABA and
Glycine. soil-contaminated wounds.
lock jaw, risus sardonicus, neck stiffness, swallowing difficulties, elevated
BP/HR/temp, spasms
Answer: clostidum botulinum. Gramp-positive, spore.
Flaccid paralysis, ACH block.
Infantile. Honey. Foodborne.
Botulism symptoms: dry mouth, blurred vision, double vision, difficulty
swallowing, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, droopy eyelids, slurred speech,
vomiting, bodily paralysis
ulcerative colitis—descending and left sigmoid colon. continual lesions. lead pipe
stiffness. produce poisonous megacolon. Diarrhea with blood. impacted mucous
and submucosa. cancer or enteropathic arthritis.
2024-2025
Answer PICA: biggest vertebral artery branch
Wallenberg syndrome—PICA or Lateral Medullary Syndrome.
the patient struggles to swallow or speak. due to PICA/other branch infarction
LSTT symptoms: contralateral pain, temperature deficiency
Spinal trigeminal nucleus symptoms: ipsilateral facial discomfort and temperature
loss
Answer influences vagus (X) and glossopharyngeal (IX). (primarily X)
dysphagia, hoarseness, reduced gag reflex
vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomiting
ANSWER sympathetic Horner's syndrome ptosis (droopy), mitosis (pupil
constriction), anhydrosis
ANSWER cerebellar signs, such as ataxia
Willis circle contains.... (5) Answer anterior cerebral artery.
communication artery anterior.
,inner carotid.
back of the brain.
posterior connecting artery
Horner syndrome causes—ANSWER PICA.
Pancoast tumor.
headache clusters.
trauma.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm.
middle-ear infection.
NF.
goitre.
MS.
Wallerian degeneration—cut/crushed nerve fibre. Axons deteriorate after
separation from cell bodies.
chronic adrenal insufficiency/hypocortisolism—Addison's disease.
adrenal glands produce too little glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids.
Imaging, DX blood testing.
addison's disease symptoms: insidious onset.
fatigue.
,weakening of muscles.
weight loss.
vomiting.
diarrhea.
headache.
sweating.
mood/personality shifts.
muscular and joint discomfort.
Orthostatic hypotension, low BP.
scar hyperpigmentation.
hypoglycemia.
hyponatremia (aldosterone deficiency).
Hyperkalemia (aldosterone deficiency adds potassium).
eosinophilia.
metabolic acidosis (distal tube sodium respiration causes aldosterone loss)
Syphilis—treponema pallidum spirochete.
TX intramuscular penicillins
3 stages syphilis—ANSWER 1. 1) chancre (stiff, painless ulceration).
2. secondary: red-pink trunk and extremity rash, condylomata lata, mucous patches,
fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, HA, meningismus, swollen lymphs.
, Latent infection: serological evidence but no symptoms.
3. Gummas can cause neuropathic joint illness, neurosyphilis, cardiovascular
syphilis, chronic dementia, argyll robertson pupil (cat eye), tabes dorsalis.
Syphilis test answers wasserman
Tetanus—clostridium tetani. neurotoxin. gram-positive. inhibits GABA and
Glycine. soil-contaminated wounds.
lock jaw, risus sardonicus, neck stiffness, swallowing difficulties, elevated
BP/HR/temp, spasms
Answer: clostidum botulinum. Gramp-positive, spore.
Flaccid paralysis, ACH block.
Infantile. Honey. Foodborne.
Botulism symptoms: dry mouth, blurred vision, double vision, difficulty
swallowing, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, droopy eyelids, slurred speech,
vomiting, bodily paralysis
ulcerative colitis—descending and left sigmoid colon. continual lesions. lead pipe
stiffness. produce poisonous megacolon. Diarrhea with blood. impacted mucous
and submucosa. cancer or enteropathic arthritis.
