NSG 345 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATED
Antibacterial/Antibiotic Overview - ANSWER Substances killing or inhibiting
bacterial growth
Resistance - ANSWER Bacteria's ability to grow despite drug administration
Antibiotic Stewardship - ANSWER Ensuring appropriate antibiotic prescription to
prevent resistance
Superinfection - ANSWER Secondary infection due to disturbed normal flora
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics - ANSWER Effective against both gram-positive and
gram-negative organisms
Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics - ANSWER Effective against a specific type of
organism
Blood Cultures - ANSWER Checking blood for bacteria before antibiotic
administration
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - ANSWER Monitoring drug levels to ensure
therapeutic and non-toxic concentrations
Trough Levels - ANSWER Measured just before a medication dose to check
therapeutic levels
Peak Levels - ANSWER Measured to check for toxic drug levels at peak
concentration
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) - ANSWER Bacterial superinfection causing
symptoms like diarrhoea and fever
Antibiotic Stewardship Importance - ANSWER Critical for effective treatment,
patient safety, and combating resistance
Penicillins - ANSWER Include Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin; excreted
through kidneys
Penicillin Processing - ANSWER Processed in kidneys; monitor kidney function
, with BUN and Crit
Allergic Effects - ANSWER Occur in 5-10% of patients; monitor carefully for
allergy
Side Effects of Penicillins - ANSWER Include skin rash, anaphylaxis, GI upset,
seizures, hyperkalemia
Penicillin Drug Interactions - ANSWER Decreased effect with acidic fruits;
increased bleeding with anticoagulants
Cephalosporins - ANSWER Include Cephalexin and ceftriaxone; structurally
similar to penicillins
Cephalosporin Side Effects - ANSWER Skin rash, anaphylaxis, GI upset,
nephrotoxicity, SJS
Culture and Sensitivity Test - ANSWER Culture finds germs; sensitivity
determines best antibiotic for treatment
Macrolides - ANSWER Include Azithromycin, Clarithromycin; good for penicillin
allergies
Oxazolidinones - ANSWER Include Linezolid; used for certain infections
Lincosamides - ANSWER Include Clindamycin; used for MRSA infections
Glycopeptides - ANSWER Include Vancomycin; given for severe MRSA
infections
Vancomycin Administration - ANSWER Given IV for pseudomembranous colitis,
septicemia; monitor trough levels
Tetracyclines - ANSWER Include Tetracycline, Doxycycline; cause
photosensitivity and tooth discoloration
Glycylcyclines - ANSWER Antibiotics for serious infections; must be given IM or
Antibacterial/Antibiotic Overview - ANSWER Substances killing or inhibiting
bacterial growth
Resistance - ANSWER Bacteria's ability to grow despite drug administration
Antibiotic Stewardship - ANSWER Ensuring appropriate antibiotic prescription to
prevent resistance
Superinfection - ANSWER Secondary infection due to disturbed normal flora
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics - ANSWER Effective against both gram-positive and
gram-negative organisms
Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics - ANSWER Effective against a specific type of
organism
Blood Cultures - ANSWER Checking blood for bacteria before antibiotic
administration
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - ANSWER Monitoring drug levels to ensure
therapeutic and non-toxic concentrations
Trough Levels - ANSWER Measured just before a medication dose to check
therapeutic levels
Peak Levels - ANSWER Measured to check for toxic drug levels at peak
concentration
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) - ANSWER Bacterial superinfection causing
symptoms like diarrhoea and fever
Antibiotic Stewardship Importance - ANSWER Critical for effective treatment,
patient safety, and combating resistance
Penicillins - ANSWER Include Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin; excreted
through kidneys
Penicillin Processing - ANSWER Processed in kidneys; monitor kidney function
, with BUN and Crit
Allergic Effects - ANSWER Occur in 5-10% of patients; monitor carefully for
allergy
Side Effects of Penicillins - ANSWER Include skin rash, anaphylaxis, GI upset,
seizures, hyperkalemia
Penicillin Drug Interactions - ANSWER Decreased effect with acidic fruits;
increased bleeding with anticoagulants
Cephalosporins - ANSWER Include Cephalexin and ceftriaxone; structurally
similar to penicillins
Cephalosporin Side Effects - ANSWER Skin rash, anaphylaxis, GI upset,
nephrotoxicity, SJS
Culture and Sensitivity Test - ANSWER Culture finds germs; sensitivity
determines best antibiotic for treatment
Macrolides - ANSWER Include Azithromycin, Clarithromycin; good for penicillin
allergies
Oxazolidinones - ANSWER Include Linezolid; used for certain infections
Lincosamides - ANSWER Include Clindamycin; used for MRSA infections
Glycopeptides - ANSWER Include Vancomycin; given for severe MRSA
infections
Vancomycin Administration - ANSWER Given IV for pseudomembranous colitis,
septicemia; monitor trough levels
Tetracyclines - ANSWER Include Tetracycline, Doxycycline; cause
photosensitivity and tooth discoloration
Glycylcyclines - ANSWER Antibiotics for serious infections; must be given IM or
