BSC 1005 Movement & Physiology FSU

BSC 1005 Movement & Physiology FSU - Physiology: - Definition: The science of biological function. Levels of Organization - Hierarchy of Life: - Atoms - Molecules - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ systems - Organisms (people) Homeostasis - Definition: Maintaining a constant internal environment despite changes in activities. Pathophysiology - Definition: Understanding our body's disease mechanisms. Composition of Blood - Components: - Cells - Plasma - Proteins Blood Cell Types - Red Blood Cells: - Erythrocytes - White Blood Cells: - Leukocytes - Platelets: - Thrombocytes Plasma Composition - Components: - Water - Electrolytes - Small molecules Blood Functions - Hematocrit: - Definition: Percentage volume of red blood cells (RBCs). - Functions of Red Blood Cells: - Transport O₂ and make ATP. - Shape of Red Blood Cells: - Bi-concave: - Allows for shorter diffusion distance for O₂. Oxygen Binding - Hemoglobin: - What do RBCs bind to? - Myoglobin and Hemoglobin: - What binds O₂ in muscles? - Oxygen Capacity: - Myoglobin: Can bind 1 oxygen molecule. - Hemoglobin: Can bind 2 oxygen (up to 4 total). Enzymatic Functions - Carbonic Anhydrase: - What enzyme converts carbonic acid? Lifespan of Blood Cells - RBC Lifespan: - 3-4 months. Origin of Blood Cells - Where do RBCs come from? - Red bone marrow. - What produces WBCs? - Red bone marrow. Platelets - What are produced by megakaryocytes? - Platelets. Leading Causes of Death - Top 2 Killers: - Cardiovascular disease and cancer. Cancer Dynamics - Metastasis: - Definition: When cancer cells travel from a tumor to other parts of the body. Lymphatic System - Lymph: - Definition: Not blood; forms from fluid between cells, travels in vessels of the lymphatic system, and ends up mixing with blood. Heart Anatomy - What are the 4 Chambers of the Heart? - 2 Atria (upper chambers) - 2 Ventricles (lower chambers) - Function of Left Atrium and Ventricles: