Advanced Pathophysiology 2024 Final exam Question with 100% correct Answers

Advanced Pathophysiology 2024 Final exam Question with 100% correct Answers Chemicals secreted by cells hormones neurotransmitters cytokines Three Methods of Communication between cells Gap junction chemical secretion Remote Signaling remote signaling chemicals secreted can travel near or far to a specific cell chemical secretion cells secrete chemicals into the bloodstream gap junction A type of intercellular junction in animals that allows the passage of materials between cells. signal transduction A series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a target cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell. cellular metabolism all of the chemical reactions that are part of maintaining cellular function Anabolism Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. catabolism Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. anaerobic metabolism The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid. aerobic metabolism The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products. leukotrines mediator of degranulation that tend to cause prolonged contractions of certain smooth muscles and their action contributes to the spasms of the bronchial tubes that occur during asthma attacks Prostaglandins Intensify histamine and kinin effect Hapten small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an antigen tetrad of inflammation redness swelling heat pain First line of immunity intact skin and mucous membranes Second line of immunity Inflammation 2 types of inflammation acute - <2 wks chronic - >2 wks What are the 2 responses in acute inflammation? constriction of large vessel walls and dilation of capillaries How do mast cells recruit other WBC? release of chemotactic factors that signal other WBCs Leukotrienes activate and attract neutrophils and eosinophils What chemical mediators are synthesized by mast cells? leukotrienes and prostaglandins How do mast cells synthesize chemical mediators