COMMUNITY HEALTH MODULE #1
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
10 Essential Public Health Services CDC - Answer-(1) Monitor environmental and
health status to identify and solve environmental health problems
(2) Diagnose and investigate environmental health problems and health hazards in the
community
(3) Develop policies and standards of care that support individual and community
environmental health efforts
(4) Inform, educate, and empower people about environmental health issues
(5) mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and solve environmental
health problems
(6) Enforce laws and regulations that protect environmental health and ensure safety
(7) Link people to needed environmental health services and sure the provision of
environmental health services when otherwise unavailable (i.e. vaccines)
(8) Assure a competent environmental health workforce
(9) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based
environmental health services
(10) Research for new insights and innovative solutions to environmental health
problems
Stakeholder - Answer-People who live, work, and interface with the community and
have a vested interest in the life, health, and maintenance of the community.
Ex. community leaders, people who live in the community, teachers, law enforcement,
employers, teachers, healthcare providers and workers, clergy
Moral Imperative - Answer-> A moral imperative is what's inside a person that compels
them to act. It's an act of their reason and why they choose to do so.
> Policy makers use this term.
Key Principles of Public Health Nursing - Answer-> Emphasizes primary prevention
> Works to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of people
> Recognizes the client (including community) as a partner > in all aspects of their care
> Uses resources sensibly to achieve best outcomes
World Health Organization (WHO) - Answer-> Public branch of the United Nations (UN)
> Health is not achieved at the individual level
> Health is achieved within the context of the pop and environment surrounding the
individual
> Provides daily information upon studies and reports on a work level, also establish
world standards for antibiotics and vaccines
> Primarily focuses on health care workforce and education, environment sanitation,
infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and primary care
, Healthy People 2020 - Answer-> Implementing health promotion & disease prevention
strategies leads to lower expense for healthcare & improves the length of the client's
lifespan
> Goals guide the nurse in developing health promotion strategies to improve individual
& community health
> Determinants of health: diet, biology & genetics, environment, stress, education,
finances, social status, stigma, health policies
> Communicates high-priority health issues and actions such as: access to healthcare,
clinical preventative services, environmental quality, injury & violence,
maternal/infant/child health, mental health, nutrition/physical activity/obesity, oral health,
reproductive & sexual health, social determinants, substance abuse tobacco
Nightingale's Environmental Theory - Answer-> Highlights the relationship between and
individual's environment and health
> Depicts health as a continuum
> Emphasizes preventative care
Health Belief Model - Answer-> Purpose is to predict or explain health behaviors and
assumes preventive health is primarily to avoid disease
> Emphasizes upon change within the individual level
> Describes taking action upon avoiding a disease based on:
>> Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of disease
>> Modifying factors like demographics or knowledge level
>> Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action
>> Cues to action such as media campaigns, disease effect on family/friends, and
recommendations from healthcare professionals
Milio's Framework for Prevention - Answer-> Complements health belief model, but
emphasizes change at the community level
> Identifies relationship b/w health deficits and availability of health promoting resources
> Theorizes that behavior change within a lg # of people can ultimately lead to social
change
Pender's Health Promotion Model - Answer-> Similar to health belief model, but does
NOT consider health risk as a factor that provokes change
> Examines factors that affect individual actions to promote and protect health
>> Personal factors (biological, psychological, sociocultural), behaviors, abilities, and
self-efficacy
>> Feelings, benefits, barriers, and characteristics, that are associated to the action
>> Attitudes of others, as well as their competing demands and preferences
Systems Thinking - Answer-Studies how an individual, or unit, interacts with other
organizations or systems. Systems thinking is useful for examining cause and effect
relationships.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
10 Essential Public Health Services CDC - Answer-(1) Monitor environmental and
health status to identify and solve environmental health problems
(2) Diagnose and investigate environmental health problems and health hazards in the
community
(3) Develop policies and standards of care that support individual and community
environmental health efforts
(4) Inform, educate, and empower people about environmental health issues
(5) mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and solve environmental
health problems
(6) Enforce laws and regulations that protect environmental health and ensure safety
(7) Link people to needed environmental health services and sure the provision of
environmental health services when otherwise unavailable (i.e. vaccines)
(8) Assure a competent environmental health workforce
(9) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based
environmental health services
(10) Research for new insights and innovative solutions to environmental health
problems
Stakeholder - Answer-People who live, work, and interface with the community and
have a vested interest in the life, health, and maintenance of the community.
Ex. community leaders, people who live in the community, teachers, law enforcement,
employers, teachers, healthcare providers and workers, clergy
Moral Imperative - Answer-> A moral imperative is what's inside a person that compels
them to act. It's an act of their reason and why they choose to do so.
> Policy makers use this term.
Key Principles of Public Health Nursing - Answer-> Emphasizes primary prevention
> Works to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of people
> Recognizes the client (including community) as a partner > in all aspects of their care
> Uses resources sensibly to achieve best outcomes
World Health Organization (WHO) - Answer-> Public branch of the United Nations (UN)
> Health is not achieved at the individual level
> Health is achieved within the context of the pop and environment surrounding the
individual
> Provides daily information upon studies and reports on a work level, also establish
world standards for antibiotics and vaccines
> Primarily focuses on health care workforce and education, environment sanitation,
infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and primary care
, Healthy People 2020 - Answer-> Implementing health promotion & disease prevention
strategies leads to lower expense for healthcare & improves the length of the client's
lifespan
> Goals guide the nurse in developing health promotion strategies to improve individual
& community health
> Determinants of health: diet, biology & genetics, environment, stress, education,
finances, social status, stigma, health policies
> Communicates high-priority health issues and actions such as: access to healthcare,
clinical preventative services, environmental quality, injury & violence,
maternal/infant/child health, mental health, nutrition/physical activity/obesity, oral health,
reproductive & sexual health, social determinants, substance abuse tobacco
Nightingale's Environmental Theory - Answer-> Highlights the relationship between and
individual's environment and health
> Depicts health as a continuum
> Emphasizes preventative care
Health Belief Model - Answer-> Purpose is to predict or explain health behaviors and
assumes preventive health is primarily to avoid disease
> Emphasizes upon change within the individual level
> Describes taking action upon avoiding a disease based on:
>> Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of disease
>> Modifying factors like demographics or knowledge level
>> Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action
>> Cues to action such as media campaigns, disease effect on family/friends, and
recommendations from healthcare professionals
Milio's Framework for Prevention - Answer-> Complements health belief model, but
emphasizes change at the community level
> Identifies relationship b/w health deficits and availability of health promoting resources
> Theorizes that behavior change within a lg # of people can ultimately lead to social
change
Pender's Health Promotion Model - Answer-> Similar to health belief model, but does
NOT consider health risk as a factor that provokes change
> Examines factors that affect individual actions to promote and protect health
>> Personal factors (biological, psychological, sociocultural), behaviors, abilities, and
self-efficacy
>> Feelings, benefits, barriers, and characteristics, that are associated to the action
>> Attitudes of others, as well as their competing demands and preferences
Systems Thinking - Answer-Studies how an individual, or unit, interacts with other
organizations or systems. Systems thinking is useful for examining cause and effect
relationships.
