ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
REVIEWER | ANDREA TARTAR
12 – STEM ARISTOTLE | SINHS
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE USED FROM VARIOUS 7. Hedging – a solid decision of a stance on a particular
subject that has strength in the claims that are made.
DISCIPLINES 8. Responsible – one must be responsible enough to provide
L1: NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT evidences and justification for any claims that are made.
9. Organized – well-organized text flows easily from one
ACADEMIC TEXT – information-full written language that contains section to another in complete logical fashion with lack of
ideas and concepts in relation to a particular discipline. confusion.
1. Structure – a basic structure of a text consists of introduction, 10. Plan – planning takes place after research and evaluation
body, and conclusion. to be shaped for a specific purpose.
With this structure, a text can be considered formal and logical PURPOSES IN READING AN ACADEMIC TEXT
as it enables readers follow the argument and navigate through
the text. o Locate a main idea.
o Scan for information.
A clear structure and logical flow are imperative to a cohesive o Identify existing gaps in studies.
text. o Connect new ideas to existing ones.
o Gain more pieces of information.
2. Tone – is the attitude conveyed in a piece of written text. o Support a particular writing assignment.
o Deeply understand an existing idea.
Where there is a fairly presented opinion from others in an
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING AN ACADEMIC TEXT
appropriate narrative tone that describes an argument
accurately without loaded or biased language. o State critical questions and issues.
o Provide facts and evidence from credible sources.
3. Language – using unambiguous language. o Use precise and accurate words while avoiding jargon.
o Take an objective point of view.
o Clear topic sentences. Enables readers to follow the o List references.
author’s line of thinking with ease. o Use cautious language.
o Use of formal language and third-person point of view.
o Use of technical words (jargons) are limited and can only
be used when discussing a part of a study that is language ACADEMIC LANGUAGE – language needed and used by students
in school. It is a discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar and
appropriate.
punctuations, and applications of rhetorical conventions and
4. Citations – endnotes and footnotes that serve as references in devices.
a very important aspect. SOCIAL LANGUAGE – set of vocabulary used for better and easier
communication in regular daily conversations.
It is essential to defend a text against allegations of plagiarism.
Social Language Academic Language
5. Complexity – requires higher-order thinking skills to attain full
comprehension. o Everyday interactions in o In textbooks, researc h
spoken/written form. papers, conferences…
6. Evidence-Based Arguments – it is a valued that an opinion is o Everyday conversation. o School/Work conversations.
o Writing to friends, family, or o Written paper, classwork ,
based on a sound understanding after reading a pertinent body
for other social purposes. homework.
of knowledge, especially debates that often exist within a
o Informal. o Formal and sophisticated.
specific discipline. o Use of slang. o Avoidance of slang.
o Can be repetitive. o Use of sentences.
7. Thesis-Driven – a particular perspective, idea, or stance is a o Uses phrases. o Sentences that has
starting point of an academic text applies to a chosen research o Does not follow a necessary appropriate transitions and
problem that establishes, proves, or disproves solutions to the grammar convention. cohesiveness.
questions posed for the topic.
FEATURES OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
1. Complex – shorter words and has more lexically varied A. Formal – is not conversational or casual. Avoidance of
vocabulary where the text had more grammatical colloquial, idiomatic, slang, or journalistic expressions.
complexity having more subordinate clauses and passives. B. Objective – is unbiased. Based on facts and evidences
2. Formal – avoidance of using colloquial words and that are not influenced by the author’s personal feelings.
expressions. C. Impersonal – usage of third-person point of view instead
3. Precise – facts are given with accuracy and precision. of first-person point of view.
4. Objective – there are fewer words that can emphasize on L2: TEXT STRUCTURE
the information one wants to give and arguments one
wants to make. (Usage of nouns-adjectives, instead of TEXT STRUCTURES – a way that a text is organized by the author.
verbs-adverbs). It can help students focus their attention on key concepts and
5. Accurate – use of words accurately in a narrow specific relationships, anticipate what to expect, and monitor reading
meaning. comprehension.
6. Explicit – a writer is responsible to make it clear to their
reader how the various parts of the text are related.
REVIEWER | ANDREA TARTAR
12 – STEM ARISTOTLE | SINHS
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE USED FROM VARIOUS 7. Hedging – a solid decision of a stance on a particular
subject that has strength in the claims that are made.
DISCIPLINES 8. Responsible – one must be responsible enough to provide
L1: NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT evidences and justification for any claims that are made.
9. Organized – well-organized text flows easily from one
ACADEMIC TEXT – information-full written language that contains section to another in complete logical fashion with lack of
ideas and concepts in relation to a particular discipline. confusion.
1. Structure – a basic structure of a text consists of introduction, 10. Plan – planning takes place after research and evaluation
body, and conclusion. to be shaped for a specific purpose.
With this structure, a text can be considered formal and logical PURPOSES IN READING AN ACADEMIC TEXT
as it enables readers follow the argument and navigate through
the text. o Locate a main idea.
o Scan for information.
A clear structure and logical flow are imperative to a cohesive o Identify existing gaps in studies.
text. o Connect new ideas to existing ones.
o Gain more pieces of information.
2. Tone – is the attitude conveyed in a piece of written text. o Support a particular writing assignment.
o Deeply understand an existing idea.
Where there is a fairly presented opinion from others in an
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING AN ACADEMIC TEXT
appropriate narrative tone that describes an argument
accurately without loaded or biased language. o State critical questions and issues.
o Provide facts and evidence from credible sources.
3. Language – using unambiguous language. o Use precise and accurate words while avoiding jargon.
o Take an objective point of view.
o Clear topic sentences. Enables readers to follow the o List references.
author’s line of thinking with ease. o Use cautious language.
o Use of formal language and third-person point of view.
o Use of technical words (jargons) are limited and can only
be used when discussing a part of a study that is language ACADEMIC LANGUAGE – language needed and used by students
in school. It is a discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar and
appropriate.
punctuations, and applications of rhetorical conventions and
4. Citations – endnotes and footnotes that serve as references in devices.
a very important aspect. SOCIAL LANGUAGE – set of vocabulary used for better and easier
communication in regular daily conversations.
It is essential to defend a text against allegations of plagiarism.
Social Language Academic Language
5. Complexity – requires higher-order thinking skills to attain full
comprehension. o Everyday interactions in o In textbooks, researc h
spoken/written form. papers, conferences…
6. Evidence-Based Arguments – it is a valued that an opinion is o Everyday conversation. o School/Work conversations.
o Writing to friends, family, or o Written paper, classwork ,
based on a sound understanding after reading a pertinent body
for other social purposes. homework.
of knowledge, especially debates that often exist within a
o Informal. o Formal and sophisticated.
specific discipline. o Use of slang. o Avoidance of slang.
o Can be repetitive. o Use of sentences.
7. Thesis-Driven – a particular perspective, idea, or stance is a o Uses phrases. o Sentences that has
starting point of an academic text applies to a chosen research o Does not follow a necessary appropriate transitions and
problem that establishes, proves, or disproves solutions to the grammar convention. cohesiveness.
questions posed for the topic.
FEATURES OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
1. Complex – shorter words and has more lexically varied A. Formal – is not conversational or casual. Avoidance of
vocabulary where the text had more grammatical colloquial, idiomatic, slang, or journalistic expressions.
complexity having more subordinate clauses and passives. B. Objective – is unbiased. Based on facts and evidences
2. Formal – avoidance of using colloquial words and that are not influenced by the author’s personal feelings.
expressions. C. Impersonal – usage of third-person point of view instead
3. Precise – facts are given with accuracy and precision. of first-person point of view.
4. Objective – there are fewer words that can emphasize on L2: TEXT STRUCTURE
the information one wants to give and arguments one
wants to make. (Usage of nouns-adjectives, instead of TEXT STRUCTURES – a way that a text is organized by the author.
verbs-adverbs). It can help students focus their attention on key concepts and
5. Accurate – use of words accurately in a narrow specific relationships, anticipate what to expect, and monitor reading
meaning. comprehension.
6. Explicit – a writer is responsible to make it clear to their
reader how the various parts of the text are related.
