Test Bank for Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses 19th Edition By Bruce Clayton, Michelle Willihnganz, Samuel Gurevitz Complete Guide A+

Test Bank for Clayton's Basic Pharmacology
for Nurses 19th Edition
1. Which of the following is the primary purpose of a drug's therapeutic index?
A. To determine the cost of the drug
B. To measure the drug's efficacy in treating the condition
C. To compare the dose required for therapeutic and toxic effects
D. To assess the drug's shelf life


Answer: C. To compare the dose required for therapeutic and toxic effects


2. What is the primary route of excretion for most drugs?
A. Urinary tract
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Respiratory system
D. Skin


Answer: A. Urinary tract


3. Which type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs are administered together
and one drug enhances the effect of the other?
A. Synergistic
B. Antagonistic
C. Additive
D. Inhibitory


Answer: A. Synergistic


4. What is the main action of beta-blockers in treating hypertension?
A. Dilate blood vessels
B. Decrease heart rate
C. Increase blood volume

,D. Enhance kidney function


Answer: B. Decrease heart rate


5. Which of the following factors can affect the absorption of oral medications?
A. Presence of food in the stomach
B. Route of administration
C. Frequency of administration
D. Drug's shelf life


Answer: A. Presence of food in the stomach


6. What is the role of the liver in drug metabolism?
A. It excretes drugs directly into the urine
B. It alters the chemical structure of drugs to make them more water-soluble
C. It increases the absorption of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract
D. It directly binds drugs to receptors in the body


Answer: B. It alters the chemical structure of drugs to make them more water-
soluble


7. Which of the following drugs is classified as a diuretic?
A. Furosemide
B. Metoprolol
C. Prednisone
D. Diazepam


Answer: A. Furosemide


8. When administering a medication intravenously, which factor is most critical to
ensure proper delivery?
A. The medication's color

,B. The rate of infusion
C. The medication's odor
D. The size of the needle


Answer: B. The rate of infusion


9. What does "half-life" of a drug refer to?
A. The time it takes for the drug to be absorbed into the bloodstream
B. The time it takes for the drug's concentration to be reduced by half in the body
C. The time it takes for the drug to reach its peak effect
D. The time it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body


Answer: B. The time it takes for the drug's concentration to be reduced by half in the
body


10. Which class of drugs is primarily used to treat bacterial infections?
A. Antivirals
B. Antifungals
C. Antibiotics
D. Antidepressants


Answer: C. Antibiotics


11. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
A. Block the action of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation
B. Increase the release of aldosterone to retain sodium
C. Decrease the reuptake of serotonin in the brain
D. Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins


Answer: A. Block the action of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation


12. What is the primary purpose of administering an antagonist drug?

, A. To enhance the effects of another drug
B. To reverse the effects of an agonist drug
C. To increase the absorption of another drug
D. To prevent the metabolism of a drug


Answer: B. To reverse the effects of an agonist drug


13. Which of the following factors can influence a patient's response to a
medication?
A. Age and gender
B. Genetics
C. Diet and lifestyle
D. All of the above


Answer: D. All of the above


14. What is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
A. Diarrhea
B. Insomnia
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia


Answer: C. Constipation


15. Which of the following types of drug formulations is designed to release
medication gradually over time?
A. Immediate-release
B. Enteric-coated
C. Extended-release
D. Sublingual


Answer: C. Extended-release