Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The statement, "My textbook states that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one
of the following ways of knowing?
a. authority c. science
b. common sense d. logic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
2. Accepting the information in an instructor’s lecture without examining the book or asking
about the source of the ideas is an example of which way of knowing about behavior?
a. Authority c. Science
b. Intuition d. Logic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
3. Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a
way of knowing? Authorities
a. are sometimes dishonest
b. do not use scientific methods
c. are often wrong
d. often rely too heavily on intuitive methods
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
4. Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a
way of knowing? Authorities
a. do not use logic
b. often disagree among themselves
c. are typically hypocritical
d. rely solely on science
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
5. Which of the following are nonempirical ways of knowing?
a. Authority and logic c. Authority and Science
b. Intuition and Science d. Logic and intuition
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
6. Consider the following statement: "If negative emotions cause aggression, and if frustration
induces a negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression." This statement
illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?
a. science c. common sense
b. authority d. logic
1
,Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
7. The statement “If it rains, then there will be no baseball game” is
a. Logically valid and true
b. Logically valid and false
c. Not logically valid, but true
d. Logically valid, and dependent upon the first clause for truth
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
8. Which of the following are empirical ways of knowing?
a. Authority and logic c. Authority and Science
b. Intuition and Science d. Logic and intuition
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 MSC: WWW
9. The statement, "It seems to me that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of
the following ways of knowing?
a. intuition c. introspection
b. authority d. science
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
10. When we size up strangers within just a few moments of meeting them, we rely on which way
of knowing?
a. intuition c. introspection
b. authority d. science
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
11. The problem with common sense as a way of knowing is
a. There’s no problem with common sense
b. Standards of common sense vary according to the culture
c. It is a nonempirical method of knowing
d. It is not based on formal logic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 MSC: WWW
12. A major problem with common sense as a way of knowing is
a. It cannot predict new knowledge
b. It is not based on authority
c. It is a nonempirical method of knowing
d. There is no problem with common sense
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 5
13. The theory of obesity that makes the prediction that there should be situations in which
overweight people eat less than average-weight people is
a. Based on common sense c. Nonempirical
2
,Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
b. Counterintuitive d. Based on authority
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 MSC: WWW
14. The last stage of the scientific method (fifth step) is
a. Defining the problem c. Communicating the findings
b. Collecting data d. Formulating a hypothesis
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
15. The first stage of the scientific method is
a. Defining the problem c. Communicating the findings
b. Collecting data d. Formulating a hypothesis
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
16. A discipline that crosses the boundaries of science is called a
a. Hub discipline c. Discourse discipline
b. Informal discipline d. Communicative discipline
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
17. Because Psychology has some sub-disciplines that share many of the same ideas as biology
and mathematics, it is said to be a
a. Science c. Discourse community
b. Hub discipline d. Communicative discipline
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
18. When we state that science is empirical, we mean
a. That someone we believe told us about it
b. That it can be observed directly
c. That it is subject to logic
d. That we feel it’s right in our “guts”
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 8
19. Which one of the following statements is the most subjective?
a. Professor Dolittle announced that the experiment was a success.
b. Three of the participants reported feelings of anxiety.
c. Professor Dolittle's assistant thinks the experiment was a success.
d. All participants were present on the final day of the experiment.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 8
20. Which one of the following statements is the most objective?
a. Sarah thinks the baby is running a fever.
b. The students arrived according to schedule.
c. Many of the students appeared to be inattentive.
d. The professor dislikes inattentive students.
3
, Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 8
21. Science is
a. self-correcting c. progressive
b. parsimonious d. all of these
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 9
22. If we explain the reason that a mother cat licks and cleans her kittens of the fluids that cover
them when they are born by saying that the fluids tastes good, which is probably the simplest
explanation, we are addressing which aspect of science?
a. Parsimony c. Progressive nature
b. Self-correcting nature d. Concern with theory
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 10
23. The suggestion to take an aspirin to relieve a headache would be considered_________
while ___________ would be concerned with the reason that the aspirin works.
a. Science, technology c. Parsimonious, excessive
b. Technology, science d. Law, theory
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 10
24. Which one of the following statements best explains the difference between science and
nonscience? Science relies more on
a. Empiricism c. Authority.
b. Objectivity d. Logic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 11
25. Which one of the following is not a working assumption of science?
a. infallibility c. causality
b. rationality d. discoverability
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 12
26. The doctrine that objects perceived have an existence outside the mind is referred to as
a. common sense c. realism
b. regularity d. determinism
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 12
27. The assumption of rationality means that
a. all events are believed to have causes
b. the universe follows the same laws in all times and places
c. the universe follows laws that may be understood by way of logical thinking
d. the world is not just the way it appears
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 13
4
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The statement, "My textbook states that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one
of the following ways of knowing?
a. authority c. science
b. common sense d. logic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
2. Accepting the information in an instructor’s lecture without examining the book or asking
about the source of the ideas is an example of which way of knowing about behavior?
a. Authority c. Science
b. Intuition d. Logic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
3. Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a
way of knowing? Authorities
a. are sometimes dishonest
b. do not use scientific methods
c. are often wrong
d. often rely too heavily on intuitive methods
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
4. Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a
way of knowing? Authorities
a. do not use logic
b. often disagree among themselves
c. are typically hypocritical
d. rely solely on science
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
5. Which of the following are nonempirical ways of knowing?
a. Authority and logic c. Authority and Science
b. Intuition and Science d. Logic and intuition
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
6. Consider the following statement: "If negative emotions cause aggression, and if frustration
induces a negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression." This statement
illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?
a. science c. common sense
b. authority d. logic
1
,Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
7. The statement “If it rains, then there will be no baseball game” is
a. Logically valid and true
b. Logically valid and false
c. Not logically valid, but true
d. Logically valid, and dependent upon the first clause for truth
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
8. Which of the following are empirical ways of knowing?
a. Authority and logic c. Authority and Science
b. Intuition and Science d. Logic and intuition
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 MSC: WWW
9. The statement, "It seems to me that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of
the following ways of knowing?
a. intuition c. introspection
b. authority d. science
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
10. When we size up strangers within just a few moments of meeting them, we rely on which way
of knowing?
a. intuition c. introspection
b. authority d. science
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4
11. The problem with common sense as a way of knowing is
a. There’s no problem with common sense
b. Standards of common sense vary according to the culture
c. It is a nonempirical method of knowing
d. It is not based on formal logic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 MSC: WWW
12. A major problem with common sense as a way of knowing is
a. It cannot predict new knowledge
b. It is not based on authority
c. It is a nonempirical method of knowing
d. There is no problem with common sense
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 5
13. The theory of obesity that makes the prediction that there should be situations in which
overweight people eat less than average-weight people is
a. Based on common sense c. Nonempirical
2
,Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
b. Counterintuitive d. Based on authority
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 MSC: WWW
14. The last stage of the scientific method (fifth step) is
a. Defining the problem c. Communicating the findings
b. Collecting data d. Formulating a hypothesis
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
15. The first stage of the scientific method is
a. Defining the problem c. Communicating the findings
b. Collecting data d. Formulating a hypothesis
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
16. A discipline that crosses the boundaries of science is called a
a. Hub discipline c. Discourse discipline
b. Informal discipline d. Communicative discipline
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
17. Because Psychology has some sub-disciplines that share many of the same ideas as biology
and mathematics, it is said to be a
a. Science c. Discourse community
b. Hub discipline d. Communicative discipline
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 7
18. When we state that science is empirical, we mean
a. That someone we believe told us about it
b. That it can be observed directly
c. That it is subject to logic
d. That we feel it’s right in our “guts”
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 8
19. Which one of the following statements is the most subjective?
a. Professor Dolittle announced that the experiment was a success.
b. Three of the participants reported feelings of anxiety.
c. Professor Dolittle's assistant thinks the experiment was a success.
d. All participants were present on the final day of the experiment.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 8
20. Which one of the following statements is the most objective?
a. Sarah thinks the baby is running a fever.
b. The students arrived according to schedule.
c. Many of the students appeared to be inattentive.
d. The professor dislikes inattentive students.
3
, Test Bank For Research Methods
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 8
21. Science is
a. self-correcting c. progressive
b. parsimonious d. all of these
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 9
22. If we explain the reason that a mother cat licks and cleans her kittens of the fluids that cover
them when they are born by saying that the fluids tastes good, which is probably the simplest
explanation, we are addressing which aspect of science?
a. Parsimony c. Progressive nature
b. Self-correcting nature d. Concern with theory
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 10
23. The suggestion to take an aspirin to relieve a headache would be considered_________
while ___________ would be concerned with the reason that the aspirin works.
a. Science, technology c. Parsimonious, excessive
b. Technology, science d. Law, theory
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 10
24. Which one of the following statements best explains the difference between science and
nonscience? Science relies more on
a. Empiricism c. Authority.
b. Objectivity d. Logic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 11
25. Which one of the following is not a working assumption of science?
a. infallibility c. causality
b. rationality d. discoverability
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 12
26. The doctrine that objects perceived have an existence outside the mind is referred to as
a. common sense c. realism
b. regularity d. determinism
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 12
27. The assumption of rationality means that
a. all events are believed to have causes
b. the universe follows the same laws in all times and places
c. the universe follows laws that may be understood by way of logical thinking
d. the world is not just the way it appears
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 13
4
