INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE
MODULE 1 CH2 LEARNING REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Name ten significant events in the history of Western health care that changed the way care was
delivered. - ANSWER 1. Ancient Times (??? - A.D. 400): Study of fossilized bones and Egyptian mummies
dictates many modern health conditions. Causes of disease were thought to be spirits, ghosts, or gods.
Hippocrates of cos was the most famous Greek physician of ancient times. He stressed observation and
conservative treatment.
2. Medieval Times (A.D. 400 - 1350): Two plagues killed the majority of the people in Europe and led to
breakdown in Western civilization. Christianity became an increasing center of power. It was believed
that disease was punishment for sins, possession of the devil or a result of witchcraft. Black Plague of
1348 killed 30-50% of European population. Networks of hospitals were built.
3. Renaissance (1350-1650): Revival of learning and science. Tremendous growth in inquiry of how the
body was structured and how it worked. Numerous autopsies were performed. Printing press invented.
Invention of gunpowder resulted in numerous gunshot wounds during frequent wars.
4. 17th Century: William Harvey, an Englishman, stated that blood circulates throughout the body within
a continuous network of vessels. Only the mechanical aspects of the system were addressed. In 1666,
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope. Quinine imported from Peru as a cure for malaria.
The study of the brain and psychology was of interest.
5. 18th Century: Researchers and theorists still struggled with an explanation of how the body
functioned. Surgery became a respected form of treatment in France after the court physician
successfully repaired an anal fistula for King Louis XIV. Techniques for monitoring blood pressure and
temperature were developed. Science of chemistry came of age. The philosophy of "enlightenment" was
developed, which stressed the rational approach to problems and dissemination of knowledge for others
to study. Focus
Define the following: gene therapy and targeted drug therapy. - ANSWER Gene Therapy: the
transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic
disorders.
, Targeted Drug Therapy: Treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific
types of cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.
State the leading prevention and treatment option in the health field today. - ANSWER Pharmaceuticals
are the leading prevention and treatment option today
Explain the meaning of specialization and its impact on health care. - ANSWER Specialization has created
many employment opportunities for health care professionals. At the same time, it has increased the
need for caring attitudes and effective communication with patients.
Explain the effect of our aging population on health care today. - ANSWER Older persons are the heaviest
users of health care services. The tremendous growth of this segment of the population is putting
increased demands on all types of facilities and services, including:
- Facilities that provide long-term care for older persons unable to live in their own homes.
- Treatment and care devoted to chronic problems that develop in people who live longer
- Home care services ranging from housekeeping duties to high-level nursing care
- Care needed as a result of an increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
Describe what has happened to health care costs over the past few decades. - ANSWER The cost of
providing healthcare has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Health care costs have grown
at a faster rare than almost anything else.
The affordability of health care has become a major social and political issue to do the increased literacy,
availability of information, and global awareness that has increased the dissatisfaction of those unable to
access health care.
List the factors that are changing how we approach health care today. - ANSWER - Discoveries about the
causes of disease and methods of treatment
- Access to information about the health care practices of other cultures.
- Search for less invasive and less costly alternatives to surgery and drugs
- Growing interest in the use of natural products
- Belief that the mind and body are more closely connected than previously thought
- Emphasis on preventing rather than simply curing disease
MODULE 1 CH2 LEARNING REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Name ten significant events in the history of Western health care that changed the way care was
delivered. - ANSWER 1. Ancient Times (??? - A.D. 400): Study of fossilized bones and Egyptian mummies
dictates many modern health conditions. Causes of disease were thought to be spirits, ghosts, or gods.
Hippocrates of cos was the most famous Greek physician of ancient times. He stressed observation and
conservative treatment.
2. Medieval Times (A.D. 400 - 1350): Two plagues killed the majority of the people in Europe and led to
breakdown in Western civilization. Christianity became an increasing center of power. It was believed
that disease was punishment for sins, possession of the devil or a result of witchcraft. Black Plague of
1348 killed 30-50% of European population. Networks of hospitals were built.
3. Renaissance (1350-1650): Revival of learning and science. Tremendous growth in inquiry of how the
body was structured and how it worked. Numerous autopsies were performed. Printing press invented.
Invention of gunpowder resulted in numerous gunshot wounds during frequent wars.
4. 17th Century: William Harvey, an Englishman, stated that blood circulates throughout the body within
a continuous network of vessels. Only the mechanical aspects of the system were addressed. In 1666,
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope. Quinine imported from Peru as a cure for malaria.
The study of the brain and psychology was of interest.
5. 18th Century: Researchers and theorists still struggled with an explanation of how the body
functioned. Surgery became a respected form of treatment in France after the court physician
successfully repaired an anal fistula for King Louis XIV. Techniques for monitoring blood pressure and
temperature were developed. Science of chemistry came of age. The philosophy of "enlightenment" was
developed, which stressed the rational approach to problems and dissemination of knowledge for others
to study. Focus
Define the following: gene therapy and targeted drug therapy. - ANSWER Gene Therapy: the
transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic
disorders.
, Targeted Drug Therapy: Treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific
types of cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.
State the leading prevention and treatment option in the health field today. - ANSWER Pharmaceuticals
are the leading prevention and treatment option today
Explain the meaning of specialization and its impact on health care. - ANSWER Specialization has created
many employment opportunities for health care professionals. At the same time, it has increased the
need for caring attitudes and effective communication with patients.
Explain the effect of our aging population on health care today. - ANSWER Older persons are the heaviest
users of health care services. The tremendous growth of this segment of the population is putting
increased demands on all types of facilities and services, including:
- Facilities that provide long-term care for older persons unable to live in their own homes.
- Treatment and care devoted to chronic problems that develop in people who live longer
- Home care services ranging from housekeeping duties to high-level nursing care
- Care needed as a result of an increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
Describe what has happened to health care costs over the past few decades. - ANSWER The cost of
providing healthcare has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Health care costs have grown
at a faster rare than almost anything else.
The affordability of health care has become a major social and political issue to do the increased literacy,
availability of information, and global awareness that has increased the dissatisfaction of those unable to
access health care.
List the factors that are changing how we approach health care today. - ANSWER - Discoveries about the
causes of disease and methods of treatment
- Access to information about the health care practices of other cultures.
- Search for less invasive and less costly alternatives to surgery and drugs
- Growing interest in the use of natural products
- Belief that the mind and body are more closely connected than previously thought
- Emphasis on preventing rather than simply curing disease
