BIO 1610 SLCC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What makes something "living"? - Answer--gas exchange
-movement
-interacts w environment
-can reproduce
-can adapt/grow/evolve
5 Themes in Book - Answer--organiziation
-information
-matter&energy
-evolution
Taxonomy - Answer-the naming and classification of organisms
Species - Answer-type of organism
Morphological Species Concept - Answer-external form
Biological Species Concept - Answer-organisms will interbreed and produce normal,
fertile offspring that can survive
Systematics - Answer-subfield in biology; study of evolutionary relationships
Metabolism - Answer-overall set of chemical reactions (or energy conversions) that take
place in a cell or organism
Linnaeus - Answer-person who created Binomial System
How to determine an organisms name? - Answer-underlined or italicized Genus,
species
Hypothesis - Answer-is tested; can accept or reject
Theory - Answer-idea that is broadly explanatory and studied many times over many
years
Atoms - Answer-basic building block of matter
Elements - Answer-cannot be broken down by chemical reactions
Bohr Model - Answer-inner, middle, and outer most shell diagram
,Protons - Answer-(+), in nucleus, 1 AMU
Electrons - Answer-(-), in orbitals or shells, mass is negligible
Neutrons - Answer-non-charged, in nucleus, 1 AMU
Atomic Number - Answer-number of protons in nucleus
Mass Number - Answer-# of protons PLUS # of neutrons
Isotopes - Answer-different forms of an element that differ by the Mass Number
Ion - Answer-a charged particle that forms when atom GAINS or LOSES an electron
Cation - Answer-POSITIVELY charged ion
Anion - Answer-NEGATIVELY charged ion
Ionic Bond - Answer-when cations and anions attract each other
Ionic Compounds - Answer-compounds formed by IONIC BONDS; "salts"
Covalent Bond - Answer-SHARING of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Molecule - Answer-two or more atoms held together by COVALENT BONDS
Single Covalent Bonds - Answer-ONE pair of electrons are shared
Molecular Formula - Answer-tells us the number of the element (H20, CH4, NH3)
Double Covalent Bond - Answer-TWO pairs of electrons are shared
Triple Covalent Bond - Answer-THREE pairs of electrons are shared
Electronegativity - Answer-the attraction of a particular atom for electrons of a
COVALENT bond (this differs for each element)
Non-Polar Covalent Bond - Answer-when electrons are shared EQUALLY and result in
a non-polar molecule (ex: hydrogen gas)
Polar Covalent Bond - Answer-when electrons are UNEQUALLY shared and result in a
polar molecule (ex: Ammonia)
Hydrogen Bond - Answer-a weak bond that forms between OPPOSITELY charged
regions of POLAR molecules (only polar bonds can have these)
, Van der Waals Interactions - Answer-these happen when atoms and molecules are very
close together (individually weak)
Chemical Reactions - Answer-these are reversible; contain reactants and products
Cohesion - Answer-when hydrogen bonds hold together the substance (ex: surface
tension)
Adhesion - Answer-clinging of one substance to another due to hydrogen bonding (ex:
capillary action)
Acids - Answer-a solute that INCREASES the hydrogen concentration when dissolved
in water (has pH level 1-6)
Bases - Answer-a solute that DECREASES the hydrogen concentration when dissolved
in water (has pH level 8-14)
Mole - Answer-6.02x10E23; equivalent to the atomic number in grams
Carbohydrates - Answer-sugars & polymers of sugars, source of energy or structural
molecules
Hydroxyl Group (-OH) - Answer-name: alcohol
example: ethanol
Carboxyl Group (-COOH) - Answer-name: carboxylic acid or organic acid
example: acetic acid
Carbonyl Group (>C=O) - Answer-name: Ketone or Aldehyde
example: acetone and propanal
Amino Group (-NH2) - Answer-name: amine
example: Glycine
(basic groups, amino acids)
Sulfhydryl Group (-SH) - Answer-name: Thiol
example: cysteine
(disulfide linkages)
Phosphate Group (-OPO32-) - Answer-name: organic phosphate
example: glycerol phosphate
Methyl Group (-CH3) - Answer-name: methylated compound
example: 5-Methylcytosine
AND ANSWERS
What makes something "living"? - Answer--gas exchange
-movement
-interacts w environment
-can reproduce
-can adapt/grow/evolve
5 Themes in Book - Answer--organiziation
-information
-matter&energy
-evolution
Taxonomy - Answer-the naming and classification of organisms
Species - Answer-type of organism
Morphological Species Concept - Answer-external form
Biological Species Concept - Answer-organisms will interbreed and produce normal,
fertile offspring that can survive
Systematics - Answer-subfield in biology; study of evolutionary relationships
Metabolism - Answer-overall set of chemical reactions (or energy conversions) that take
place in a cell or organism
Linnaeus - Answer-person who created Binomial System
How to determine an organisms name? - Answer-underlined or italicized Genus,
species
Hypothesis - Answer-is tested; can accept or reject
Theory - Answer-idea that is broadly explanatory and studied many times over many
years
Atoms - Answer-basic building block of matter
Elements - Answer-cannot be broken down by chemical reactions
Bohr Model - Answer-inner, middle, and outer most shell diagram
,Protons - Answer-(+), in nucleus, 1 AMU
Electrons - Answer-(-), in orbitals or shells, mass is negligible
Neutrons - Answer-non-charged, in nucleus, 1 AMU
Atomic Number - Answer-number of protons in nucleus
Mass Number - Answer-# of protons PLUS # of neutrons
Isotopes - Answer-different forms of an element that differ by the Mass Number
Ion - Answer-a charged particle that forms when atom GAINS or LOSES an electron
Cation - Answer-POSITIVELY charged ion
Anion - Answer-NEGATIVELY charged ion
Ionic Bond - Answer-when cations and anions attract each other
Ionic Compounds - Answer-compounds formed by IONIC BONDS; "salts"
Covalent Bond - Answer-SHARING of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Molecule - Answer-two or more atoms held together by COVALENT BONDS
Single Covalent Bonds - Answer-ONE pair of electrons are shared
Molecular Formula - Answer-tells us the number of the element (H20, CH4, NH3)
Double Covalent Bond - Answer-TWO pairs of electrons are shared
Triple Covalent Bond - Answer-THREE pairs of electrons are shared
Electronegativity - Answer-the attraction of a particular atom for electrons of a
COVALENT bond (this differs for each element)
Non-Polar Covalent Bond - Answer-when electrons are shared EQUALLY and result in
a non-polar molecule (ex: hydrogen gas)
Polar Covalent Bond - Answer-when electrons are UNEQUALLY shared and result in a
polar molecule (ex: Ammonia)
Hydrogen Bond - Answer-a weak bond that forms between OPPOSITELY charged
regions of POLAR molecules (only polar bonds can have these)
, Van der Waals Interactions - Answer-these happen when atoms and molecules are very
close together (individually weak)
Chemical Reactions - Answer-these are reversible; contain reactants and products
Cohesion - Answer-when hydrogen bonds hold together the substance (ex: surface
tension)
Adhesion - Answer-clinging of one substance to another due to hydrogen bonding (ex:
capillary action)
Acids - Answer-a solute that INCREASES the hydrogen concentration when dissolved
in water (has pH level 1-6)
Bases - Answer-a solute that DECREASES the hydrogen concentration when dissolved
in water (has pH level 8-14)
Mole - Answer-6.02x10E23; equivalent to the atomic number in grams
Carbohydrates - Answer-sugars & polymers of sugars, source of energy or structural
molecules
Hydroxyl Group (-OH) - Answer-name: alcohol
example: ethanol
Carboxyl Group (-COOH) - Answer-name: carboxylic acid or organic acid
example: acetic acid
Carbonyl Group (>C=O) - Answer-name: Ketone or Aldehyde
example: acetone and propanal
Amino Group (-NH2) - Answer-name: amine
example: Glycine
(basic groups, amino acids)
Sulfhydryl Group (-SH) - Answer-name: Thiol
example: cysteine
(disulfide linkages)
Phosphate Group (-OPO32-) - Answer-name: organic phosphate
example: glycerol phosphate
Methyl Group (-CH3) - Answer-name: methylated compound
example: 5-Methylcytosine
