CASA ATPL AHUF UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers only
BMI formula - CORRECT ANSWER- weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Most common cause of pilot incapacitation - CORRECT ANSWER- Food and drink
poisoning
Most comfortable temperature range and relative humidity range - CORRECT ANSWER-
21-27 degrees C at 40-60% relative humidity
Definition of heat stress type 1 and remedy - CORRECT ANSWER- Operating above 32
degs C best remedied by drinking water.
Definition of heat stress type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER- Too much sun through sunbathing,
inadequate protection or liquid intake
Definition of heat stress type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER- Temperatures below 10 degs C.
Body loses more body heat than it can produce resulting in hypothermia (cognitive
impairment, apathy, unconsciousness and ultimately death)
Early sensation of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER- Dry nasal passage and prickly eyes
Hours of non-flying required after a blood donation - CORRECT ANSWER- 24 hours
Define (otic) Barotrauma - CORRECT ANSWER- Stretching of ear drum due to uneven air
pressures between middle ear and ambient. (NO! Any pain caused due to pressure
differential)
Effect of (otic) barotrauma - CORRECT ANSWER- Pressure vertigo of ear/balance
mechanism causing dizziness
,What does the Valsave manoeuvre do? - CORRECT ANSWER- Forces air via Eustascian
Tube into middle ear to increase pressure equal to ambient
What are sinuses? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cavities in the skull that are lined with a mucus
membrane that can swell to block venting. Aggravated by pressure differential during
descent.
Litres of body fluids lost during a hot day - CORRECT ANSWER- 5
Effect of eating green vegetables prior to flight - CORRECT ANSWER- Expansion/release of
gases in digestive system due to low ambient pressure
Alcohol consumed with food increases rate of alcohol absorption or rate of alcohol removal?
- CORRECT ANSWER- Only increase alcohol absorption. Rate of alcohol removal cannot
be changed.
Percentage of alcohol break down in liver compared to other mechanism (including
respiration, expiration and urine). - CORRECT ANSWER- 90% in liver. 10% through
respiration, expiration and urine.
Standard drink units of alcohol metabolised per hour in an adult male. - CORRECT
ANSWER- 1 standard drink.
Number of hours alcohol is present in brain after consumption. - CORRECT ANSWER- 24
hours.
Recommended maximum number of standard drinks 24 hours prior to flight. - CORRECT
ANSWER- 1-2 standard drinks.
Maximum recommended standard drinks consumed a week for a male and female. -
CORRECT ANSWER- 21-28 standard drinks for a male and 14-21 standard drinks for a
female.
Definition of "analgesic" medication. - CORRECT ANSWER- Painkiller
,Definition of "antihistamine" medication. - CORRECT ANSWER- Clears up congestion.
Definition of "ephedrine" medication. - CORRECT ANSWER- Nasal sprays.
Definition of hyperventilation. - CORRECT ANSWER- Excessive breathing causing removal
of too much carbon dioxide from blood.
Fraction of standard atmospheric pressure at 18000ft? - CORRECT ANSWER- Half.
Air expands in cavities and vents into the nasal regions during a climb or descent? -
CORRECT ANSWER- Climb.
When 30m (100ft) below water, how many times the standard atmospheric pressure is
experienced? - CORRECT ANSWER- Twice.
Typical foods to avoid when flying due to bloating. - CORRECT ANSWER- Beer, cabbage
and beans.
What gas is present in the blood under high pressure in scuba? Ascending quickly will release
pressure and the gas will come out of solution like soft drink leading to first symptoms felt in
joints and muscles. Then bubbling in brain and spinal cord will result in tingling sensation. -
CORRECT ANSWER- Nitrogen.
The 'Bends' or decompression sickness is the result of air rupturing lungs as it expands and
absorbs directly into blood. Oxygen contaminated blood causes unconsciousness or death. At
what altitude can the 'Bends' affect you soon after a scuba dive? - CORRECT ANSWER-
8000ft.
How much rest required after a dive that requires no stops? - CORRECT ANSWER- 4 hours.
How much rest required after a less than four-hour dive that requires decompression stops? -
CORRECT ANSWER- 12 hours.
How much rest required after more than a four-hour dive that requires decompression stops? -
CORRECT ANSWER- 40 hours.
, The part of the ear that is cartilage structured into a 25mm canal? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Outer ear.
Which part of the ear starts with the airtight seal of the eardrum? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Middle ear.
The ear drum vibrates. 3 bones amplify these vibrations and conduct directly to the cochlear.
What are the layman's terms of these bones? - CORRECT ANSWER- Hammer, anvil and
stirrup.
What is the name of the organ that converts mechanical signals to electrical signals in the
inner ear? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
Which part of the ear is vented to the atmosphere via the Eustacian tube? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Middle ear.
To which organ are the semi-circular canals mounted? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
Which organ is filled with fluid called endolymph and contains tiny hair-like cells that
resonate to different vibrational frequencies. - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
Excessive noise will damage which organ through damage of its hair-like cells submerged in
endolymph? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
The cupula is a hair-like cell that washes around and responds to acceleration and sends
signals to the brain. The cupula is part of which organ? - CORRECT ANSWER- Semi-
circular canal.
Linear acceleration is detected by the saccule (vertical) and utricle (horizontal). Collectively,
this organ is also mounted on the cochlear and is called? - CORRECT ANSWER- Otolith
organ.
What is the lowest decibel that can be detected by a child? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1 dB.
Questions and CORRECT Answers only
BMI formula - CORRECT ANSWER- weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Most common cause of pilot incapacitation - CORRECT ANSWER- Food and drink
poisoning
Most comfortable temperature range and relative humidity range - CORRECT ANSWER-
21-27 degrees C at 40-60% relative humidity
Definition of heat stress type 1 and remedy - CORRECT ANSWER- Operating above 32
degs C best remedied by drinking water.
Definition of heat stress type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER- Too much sun through sunbathing,
inadequate protection or liquid intake
Definition of heat stress type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER- Temperatures below 10 degs C.
Body loses more body heat than it can produce resulting in hypothermia (cognitive
impairment, apathy, unconsciousness and ultimately death)
Early sensation of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER- Dry nasal passage and prickly eyes
Hours of non-flying required after a blood donation - CORRECT ANSWER- 24 hours
Define (otic) Barotrauma - CORRECT ANSWER- Stretching of ear drum due to uneven air
pressures between middle ear and ambient. (NO! Any pain caused due to pressure
differential)
Effect of (otic) barotrauma - CORRECT ANSWER- Pressure vertigo of ear/balance
mechanism causing dizziness
,What does the Valsave manoeuvre do? - CORRECT ANSWER- Forces air via Eustascian
Tube into middle ear to increase pressure equal to ambient
What are sinuses? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cavities in the skull that are lined with a mucus
membrane that can swell to block venting. Aggravated by pressure differential during
descent.
Litres of body fluids lost during a hot day - CORRECT ANSWER- 5
Effect of eating green vegetables prior to flight - CORRECT ANSWER- Expansion/release of
gases in digestive system due to low ambient pressure
Alcohol consumed with food increases rate of alcohol absorption or rate of alcohol removal?
- CORRECT ANSWER- Only increase alcohol absorption. Rate of alcohol removal cannot
be changed.
Percentage of alcohol break down in liver compared to other mechanism (including
respiration, expiration and urine). - CORRECT ANSWER- 90% in liver. 10% through
respiration, expiration and urine.
Standard drink units of alcohol metabolised per hour in an adult male. - CORRECT
ANSWER- 1 standard drink.
Number of hours alcohol is present in brain after consumption. - CORRECT ANSWER- 24
hours.
Recommended maximum number of standard drinks 24 hours prior to flight. - CORRECT
ANSWER- 1-2 standard drinks.
Maximum recommended standard drinks consumed a week for a male and female. -
CORRECT ANSWER- 21-28 standard drinks for a male and 14-21 standard drinks for a
female.
Definition of "analgesic" medication. - CORRECT ANSWER- Painkiller
,Definition of "antihistamine" medication. - CORRECT ANSWER- Clears up congestion.
Definition of "ephedrine" medication. - CORRECT ANSWER- Nasal sprays.
Definition of hyperventilation. - CORRECT ANSWER- Excessive breathing causing removal
of too much carbon dioxide from blood.
Fraction of standard atmospheric pressure at 18000ft? - CORRECT ANSWER- Half.
Air expands in cavities and vents into the nasal regions during a climb or descent? -
CORRECT ANSWER- Climb.
When 30m (100ft) below water, how many times the standard atmospheric pressure is
experienced? - CORRECT ANSWER- Twice.
Typical foods to avoid when flying due to bloating. - CORRECT ANSWER- Beer, cabbage
and beans.
What gas is present in the blood under high pressure in scuba? Ascending quickly will release
pressure and the gas will come out of solution like soft drink leading to first symptoms felt in
joints and muscles. Then bubbling in brain and spinal cord will result in tingling sensation. -
CORRECT ANSWER- Nitrogen.
The 'Bends' or decompression sickness is the result of air rupturing lungs as it expands and
absorbs directly into blood. Oxygen contaminated blood causes unconsciousness or death. At
what altitude can the 'Bends' affect you soon after a scuba dive? - CORRECT ANSWER-
8000ft.
How much rest required after a dive that requires no stops? - CORRECT ANSWER- 4 hours.
How much rest required after a less than four-hour dive that requires decompression stops? -
CORRECT ANSWER- 12 hours.
How much rest required after more than a four-hour dive that requires decompression stops? -
CORRECT ANSWER- 40 hours.
, The part of the ear that is cartilage structured into a 25mm canal? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Outer ear.
Which part of the ear starts with the airtight seal of the eardrum? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Middle ear.
The ear drum vibrates. 3 bones amplify these vibrations and conduct directly to the cochlear.
What are the layman's terms of these bones? - CORRECT ANSWER- Hammer, anvil and
stirrup.
What is the name of the organ that converts mechanical signals to electrical signals in the
inner ear? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
Which part of the ear is vented to the atmosphere via the Eustacian tube? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Middle ear.
To which organ are the semi-circular canals mounted? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
Which organ is filled with fluid called endolymph and contains tiny hair-like cells that
resonate to different vibrational frequencies. - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
Excessive noise will damage which organ through damage of its hair-like cells submerged in
endolymph? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cochlear.
The cupula is a hair-like cell that washes around and responds to acceleration and sends
signals to the brain. The cupula is part of which organ? - CORRECT ANSWER- Semi-
circular canal.
Linear acceleration is detected by the saccule (vertical) and utricle (horizontal). Collectively,
this organ is also mounted on the cochlear and is called? - CORRECT ANSWER- Otolith
organ.
What is the lowest decibel that can be detected by a child? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1 dB.
