BIO 1610 SLCC EXAM #2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
cellular metabolism - Answer-all the chemical activities of a cell
metabolic pathways are - Answer-a series of reactions in a particular order
catabolic pathways - Answer-release energy by breaking down complex molecules into
simpler compounds
anabolic pathways - Answer-consume energy to build complicated molecules from
simpler ones
Energy - Answer-the capacity to do work or to move matter against opposing forces
kinetic energy - Answer-energy of motion or actually doing work
potential - Answer-stored energy or not being used at the moment
chemical energy - Answer-potential energy stored in molecules
Thermodynamics - Answer-the study of energy transformations
the term system in thermodynamics means - Answer-matter under study
the term surroundings in thermodynamics means - Answer-everything outside the
system
the term closed in thermodynamics means - Answer-isolated from its surroundings
the term open in thermodynamics means - Answer-can be transferred between systems
and surroundings
organisms are - Answer-open systems
First law of thermodynamics - Answer-Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it
cannot be created or destroyed.
energy cant be - Answer-created or destroyed only transformed
Entropy - Answer-A measure of disorder or randomness.
the more random a collection of matter - Answer-the greater its entropy
, Free energy - Answer-energy that is available to do work
Exergonic reactions are - Answer-RELEASE energy and yield products that contain less
potential energy than their reactants. EXIT. FIRE. EXIT.
Endergonic reactions are - Answer-ABSORB free energy from its surroundings. Store
energy. ENTER.
ATP powers cellular work by - Answer-coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic
reactions
G=H-TS - Answer-T is temp in Kelvin
Mechanical work - Answer-beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, movement of
chromosomes during cellular reproduction
Transport work - Answer-the pumping of substances across membranes against the
direction of spontaneous movement
Chemical work - Answer-the driving of endergonic reactions that would not occur
spontaneously
breathing and cellular respiration - Answer-are closely related
ATP - Answer-adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP? - Answer-a close packing of nucleotide consisting of the nitrogenenous
base adenine, the sugar ribose, and a CHAIN OF THREE PHOSPHATE GROUPS
Phosphate bonds in ATP are - Answer-weak covalent bonds
phosphorylated - Answer-the recipient of the phosphate group, a transferring phosphate
group to another molecule
ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by - Answer-addition of a phosphate
group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
In a working muscle cell - Answer-the entire pool of ATP is recycled once each minute,
over 10 million ATP consumed and regenerated per second per cell.
Enzymes speed up the cells chemical reactions by - Answer-lowering energy barriers
Catalyst - Answer-A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being
consumed by the reaction.
enzyme - Answer-A catalytic protein.
AND ANSWERS
cellular metabolism - Answer-all the chemical activities of a cell
metabolic pathways are - Answer-a series of reactions in a particular order
catabolic pathways - Answer-release energy by breaking down complex molecules into
simpler compounds
anabolic pathways - Answer-consume energy to build complicated molecules from
simpler ones
Energy - Answer-the capacity to do work or to move matter against opposing forces
kinetic energy - Answer-energy of motion or actually doing work
potential - Answer-stored energy or not being used at the moment
chemical energy - Answer-potential energy stored in molecules
Thermodynamics - Answer-the study of energy transformations
the term system in thermodynamics means - Answer-matter under study
the term surroundings in thermodynamics means - Answer-everything outside the
system
the term closed in thermodynamics means - Answer-isolated from its surroundings
the term open in thermodynamics means - Answer-can be transferred between systems
and surroundings
organisms are - Answer-open systems
First law of thermodynamics - Answer-Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it
cannot be created or destroyed.
energy cant be - Answer-created or destroyed only transformed
Entropy - Answer-A measure of disorder or randomness.
the more random a collection of matter - Answer-the greater its entropy
, Free energy - Answer-energy that is available to do work
Exergonic reactions are - Answer-RELEASE energy and yield products that contain less
potential energy than their reactants. EXIT. FIRE. EXIT.
Endergonic reactions are - Answer-ABSORB free energy from its surroundings. Store
energy. ENTER.
ATP powers cellular work by - Answer-coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic
reactions
G=H-TS - Answer-T is temp in Kelvin
Mechanical work - Answer-beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, movement of
chromosomes during cellular reproduction
Transport work - Answer-the pumping of substances across membranes against the
direction of spontaneous movement
Chemical work - Answer-the driving of endergonic reactions that would not occur
spontaneously
breathing and cellular respiration - Answer-are closely related
ATP - Answer-adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP? - Answer-a close packing of nucleotide consisting of the nitrogenenous
base adenine, the sugar ribose, and a CHAIN OF THREE PHOSPHATE GROUPS
Phosphate bonds in ATP are - Answer-weak covalent bonds
phosphorylated - Answer-the recipient of the phosphate group, a transferring phosphate
group to another molecule
ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by - Answer-addition of a phosphate
group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
In a working muscle cell - Answer-the entire pool of ATP is recycled once each minute,
over 10 million ATP consumed and regenerated per second per cell.
Enzymes speed up the cells chemical reactions by - Answer-lowering energy barriers
Catalyst - Answer-A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being
consumed by the reaction.
enzyme - Answer-A catalytic protein.
