Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
microbes Answer-virus, bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasite
commensal microorganisms Answer-a microorganism that habitually lives on or in the
human body; one that normally causes no disease or harm and can be beneficial
Circulating leukocytes Answer-neutrophils, monocytes
tissue-resident sentinel cells Answer-macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells
-release pro-inflammatory cytokines
-all have innate receptors
Neutrophils Answer-have innate immune receptors, activation leads to internalization of
microbe and receptor; short life span, die by apoptosis; most abundant WBC
monocytes Answer-turn into macrophages in tissue that can eat dead cells and
neutrophils
dendritic cell Answer--antigen presenting cell
-secrete cytokines after microbe binds to innate receptor
mast cell Answer-degranulate and release inflammatory mediators like histmine
, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
-important in allergy
Macrophages Answer-phagocytize foreign substances, secrete cytokines, eat neutrophils
leukocytes Answer-Known as white blood cells (WBCs), there are five kinds in two
groups: granulocytes & agranulocytes
Lymphocytes Answer-NK, T cells, b cells
-originate from common lymphoid progenitor
innate immunity characteristics Answer-react quickly, in same exact way for repeat
infection, present before infection
-cause inflammation
-limited number of microbes it can respond to
adaptive immunity characteristics Answer--specific
-systemic-travel continuously through body
-has memory
-late responders
-response due to recognition of a specific antigen
, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Process of innate inflammatory response Answer-1. mirobes enter tissue and sentinel
cells recognize and bind, release cytokines
2. cytokines bind to endothelium and increase expressing of adhesion molecules on lumen side
3. circulating leukocytes attach to adhesion molecules and are released into tissue
4. phagocytic cells kill
5. homeostasis restored
Neutrophil-Endothelium Interaction Answer--ICAM-1 on endo binds to LFA-1 on
neutrophil=stable arrest
-E-selection on endo binds to e-selectin ligand on neutrophil=lower affinity, rolling
adhesion molecules on endothelium Answer-ICAM-1 and E-selection
adhesion molecule ligands on leukocytes Answer-LFA-1 and e-selectin ligand
pus Answer--fluid
-live and dead neutrophils
-DNA from neutrophils
-bacteria
, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) Answer-molecules that are common on
pathogens but not expressed in vertebrate cells
Bacteria common PAMPs Answer-flagellin
-Gram +: lipopolysaccharide
-gram -: peptidogylcans, teichoic acids
viral PAMPs Answer-ssRNA, dsRNA, dsDNA
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Answer-receptors on cell surface and in endosome
that bind PAMPs and activate immune response
-Toll-like receptors (TLRs) most common
PAMPs and PRRs Answer-Microbes contain and release PAMPs —> activate PRRs of
innate cells→ production of cytokines OR activate the antiviral state
endosomal TLRs Answer-specific for nucleic acids
-activate pathway to induce type 1 interferon secretion
-antiviral state!
Anti-viral state process Answer-1. viral molecules bind to endosomal TLR on pDCs
100% Correct
microbes Answer-virus, bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasite
commensal microorganisms Answer-a microorganism that habitually lives on or in the
human body; one that normally causes no disease or harm and can be beneficial
Circulating leukocytes Answer-neutrophils, monocytes
tissue-resident sentinel cells Answer-macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells
-release pro-inflammatory cytokines
-all have innate receptors
Neutrophils Answer-have innate immune receptors, activation leads to internalization of
microbe and receptor; short life span, die by apoptosis; most abundant WBC
monocytes Answer-turn into macrophages in tissue that can eat dead cells and
neutrophils
dendritic cell Answer--antigen presenting cell
-secrete cytokines after microbe binds to innate receptor
mast cell Answer-degranulate and release inflammatory mediators like histmine
, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
-important in allergy
Macrophages Answer-phagocytize foreign substances, secrete cytokines, eat neutrophils
leukocytes Answer-Known as white blood cells (WBCs), there are five kinds in two
groups: granulocytes & agranulocytes
Lymphocytes Answer-NK, T cells, b cells
-originate from common lymphoid progenitor
innate immunity characteristics Answer-react quickly, in same exact way for repeat
infection, present before infection
-cause inflammation
-limited number of microbes it can respond to
adaptive immunity characteristics Answer--specific
-systemic-travel continuously through body
-has memory
-late responders
-response due to recognition of a specific antigen
, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Process of innate inflammatory response Answer-1. mirobes enter tissue and sentinel
cells recognize and bind, release cytokines
2. cytokines bind to endothelium and increase expressing of adhesion molecules on lumen side
3. circulating leukocytes attach to adhesion molecules and are released into tissue
4. phagocytic cells kill
5. homeostasis restored
Neutrophil-Endothelium Interaction Answer--ICAM-1 on endo binds to LFA-1 on
neutrophil=stable arrest
-E-selection on endo binds to e-selectin ligand on neutrophil=lower affinity, rolling
adhesion molecules on endothelium Answer-ICAM-1 and E-selection
adhesion molecule ligands on leukocytes Answer-LFA-1 and e-selectin ligand
pus Answer--fluid
-live and dead neutrophils
-DNA from neutrophils
-bacteria
, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) Answer-molecules that are common on
pathogens but not expressed in vertebrate cells
Bacteria common PAMPs Answer-flagellin
-Gram +: lipopolysaccharide
-gram -: peptidogylcans, teichoic acids
viral PAMPs Answer-ssRNA, dsRNA, dsDNA
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Answer-receptors on cell surface and in endosome
that bind PAMPs and activate immune response
-Toll-like receptors (TLRs) most common
PAMPs and PRRs Answer-Microbes contain and release PAMPs —> activate PRRs of
innate cells→ production of cytokines OR activate the antiviral state
endosomal TLRs Answer-specific for nucleic acids
-activate pathway to induce type 1 interferon secretion
-antiviral state!
Anti-viral state process Answer-1. viral molecules bind to endosomal TLR on pDCs
