Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
______________________ is the transfer of tissue/organ from one individual to another
Answer-Transplantation
_________________________ is the transfer of blood cells/blood products from one individual
to another Answer-Transfusion
_________________ transplant is the most common transplantation Answer-kidney
_____________________ transfusion is the most common transfusion Answer-red blood
cell
Individuals who are not identical twins differ in many genes that they do not inherit. This means
individuals will have different proteins based on these different genes. These differences are
called ______________________ Answer-polymorphisms
In transplantation, if one person is a donor and another is a recipient, then there might be a
difference in proteins between each person. So, when an organ is transplanted, the recipient's
immune system can detect the transplanted cells as non-self and lead an attack against them.
This attack involves ________________ and ____ cells and is called an ___________________
________________ _______________ Answer-antibodies
T cells
allogeneic immune response
, Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
The recipient's T cells and antibodies that enter the implanted organ after transplantation cause
inflammation in the organ as if the organ is a foreign invader, like a microbe. This leads to
injury/death of the implanted organ. This is called _________________ _______________
Answer-transplant rejection
The most polymorphic genes in our entire genome are the _____________________
___________________ _________________ genes. Answer-major histocompatibility
complex (aka HLA genes)
MHC class II has the variants: __________, __________, and _________ proteins
Answer-DP
DQ
DR
MHC class I has the variants: ____________, ______________ and _________ Answer-A
B
C
If we take all the different alleles in the human population that encode normal functioning
versions of the MHC class I and II variants, there are over ______________ alleles
Answer-5,000
, Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
HLA-B has over _______________ alleles Answer-2,500
_______ is the major immunological barrier to transplantation Answer-MHC
______________ have carbohydrates on their surface, but they differ from one person to
another Answer-RBCs
The antigens on red blood cells include: _______, _________, _________ or _________
Answer-A
B
AB
O
If someone is type A, this means they have the A antigen and they have antibodies that
recognize the antigens that they do not express. So, type A has natural ______ antibodies that
recognize the ______ antigen. Type B has antibodies that recognize the ______ antigen. Type O
has antibodies that recognize the ________ and _______ antigen. Type AB has _________
antibodies Answer-IgM
B
A
, Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
A
B
neither
If you want to transfuse blood across individuals, then the antibodies can cause trouble. For
example, if type A is transfused into someone with type B, then the recipient with type B (who
has antibodies against type A) will cause the destruction of type A blood either by
___________________ activation or _________________. This is called a
____________________ ________________ Answer-complement
phagocytosis
transfusion reaction
Given what you have learned about the genetic loci that are most important for transplant
compatibility, it is likely that ____________ are the primary mediators of transplant rejection.
1. B lymphocytes
2. T lymphocytes
3. macrophages
4. neutrophils Answer-2. T lymphocytes
Answers 100% Correct
______________________ is the transfer of tissue/organ from one individual to another
Answer-Transplantation
_________________________ is the transfer of blood cells/blood products from one individual
to another Answer-Transfusion
_________________ transplant is the most common transplantation Answer-kidney
_____________________ transfusion is the most common transfusion Answer-red blood
cell
Individuals who are not identical twins differ in many genes that they do not inherit. This means
individuals will have different proteins based on these different genes. These differences are
called ______________________ Answer-polymorphisms
In transplantation, if one person is a donor and another is a recipient, then there might be a
difference in proteins between each person. So, when an organ is transplanted, the recipient's
immune system can detect the transplanted cells as non-self and lead an attack against them.
This attack involves ________________ and ____ cells and is called an ___________________
________________ _______________ Answer-antibodies
T cells
allogeneic immune response
, Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
The recipient's T cells and antibodies that enter the implanted organ after transplantation cause
inflammation in the organ as if the organ is a foreign invader, like a microbe. This leads to
injury/death of the implanted organ. This is called _________________ _______________
Answer-transplant rejection
The most polymorphic genes in our entire genome are the _____________________
___________________ _________________ genes. Answer-major histocompatibility
complex (aka HLA genes)
MHC class II has the variants: __________, __________, and _________ proteins
Answer-DP
DQ
DR
MHC class I has the variants: ____________, ______________ and _________ Answer-A
B
C
If we take all the different alleles in the human population that encode normal functioning
versions of the MHC class I and II variants, there are over ______________ alleles
Answer-5,000
, Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
HLA-B has over _______________ alleles Answer-2,500
_______ is the major immunological barrier to transplantation Answer-MHC
______________ have carbohydrates on their surface, but they differ from one person to
another Answer-RBCs
The antigens on red blood cells include: _______, _________, _________ or _________
Answer-A
B
AB
O
If someone is type A, this means they have the A antigen and they have antibodies that
recognize the antigens that they do not express. So, type A has natural ______ antibodies that
recognize the ______ antigen. Type B has antibodies that recognize the ______ antigen. Type O
has antibodies that recognize the ________ and _______ antigen. Type AB has _________
antibodies Answer-IgM
B
A
, Combined Immunology HMX; Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
A
B
neither
If you want to transfuse blood across individuals, then the antibodies can cause trouble. For
example, if type A is transfused into someone with type B, then the recipient with type B (who
has antibodies against type A) will cause the destruction of type A blood either by
___________________ activation or _________________. This is called a
____________________ ________________ Answer-complement
phagocytosis
transfusion reaction
Given what you have learned about the genetic loci that are most important for transplant
compatibility, it is likely that ____________ are the primary mediators of transplant rejection.
1. B lymphocytes
2. T lymphocytes
3. macrophages
4. neutrophils Answer-2. T lymphocytes
