Biomg 3300 Unit 8 Questions with Correct Answers
Codon Correct Answer-A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in a
nucleic acid that codes for a specific amino acid.
Reading Frame Correct Answer-A contiguous, nonoverlapping set of
three-nucleotide codons in DNA or RNA.
Any given single-stranded DNA or mRNA sequence has three possible
reading frames. Each reading frame gives a different sequence of codons
but only one is likely to encode a given protein.
Coding Ratio - Minimum number of nucleotides per amino acid Correct
Answer-Need at least 3 nucleotides per amino acid
The minimum number of nucleotides necessary to identify all of the
amino acids is 3 since 4^2 = 16, which is less than 20 combinations, and
4^3 = 64 which is above 20 combinations.
Is the code overlapping or non-overlapping? Correct Answer-Translation
occurs in such a way that these nucleotide triplets are read in a
successive, non-overlapping fashion
Overlapping Code Correct Answer-In an overlapping code, some
nucleotides in the mRNA are shared by different codons
,Nonoverlapping Code Correct Answer-In a nonoverlapping code,
codons (numbered consecutively) do not share nucleotides.
Inserting or deleting one base pair (shown here in the mRNA transcript)
alters the sequence of triplets in a non-overlapping code; all amino acids
coded by the mRNA following the change are affected. Combining
insertion and deletion mutations affects some amino acids but can
eventually restore the correct amino acid sequence.
Are individual codewords delimited? Correct Answer-No
What establishes the reading frame in RNA? Correct Answer-The first
AUG codon in a sequence establishes a reading frame, in which a new
codon begins at every third nucleotide residue.
How to deduce relevant polypeptide sequence encoded in reading frame
Correct Answer-Reading frame established by start codon AUG (codes
for Met).
The codons are written in the 5′→3′ direction. The third base of each
codon plays a lesser role in specifying an amino acid than the first two.
Consequence of one or two base addition or deletion Correct Answer-
Inserting or deleting one base pair alters the sequence of triplets in a
non-overlapping code; all amino acids coded by the mRNA following
the change are affected.
, Combining insertion and deletion mutations affects some amino acids
but can eventually restore the correct amino acid sequence.
Frameshift Mutation Correct Answer-Insertion or deletion of one or two
bases
Initiation codon (start codon) Correct Answer-AUG is the most common
signal for the beginning of a polypeptide in all cells, in addition to
coding for Met residues in internal positions of polypeptides
termination codon (stop codon) Correct Answer-UAA, UAG, and UGA;
in protein synthesis, these codons signal termination of a polypeptide
chain
Open Reading Frame Correct Answer-A group of contiguous, non-
overlapping nucleotide codons in a DNA or RNA molecule that does not
include a termination codon. (50 or more consecutive codons)
Degenerate Correct Answer-A code in which a single element in one
language is specified by more than one element in a second language. In
other words, an amino acid may be specified by more than one codon.
Aminoacyl tRNAs interact with mRNA Correct Answer-Transfer RNAs
base-pair with mRNA codons at a three-base sequence on the tRNA
called the anticodon. The first base of the codon in mRNA (read in the
5′→3′ direction) pairs with the third base of the anticodon.
Codon Correct Answer-A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in a
nucleic acid that codes for a specific amino acid.
Reading Frame Correct Answer-A contiguous, nonoverlapping set of
three-nucleotide codons in DNA or RNA.
Any given single-stranded DNA or mRNA sequence has three possible
reading frames. Each reading frame gives a different sequence of codons
but only one is likely to encode a given protein.
Coding Ratio - Minimum number of nucleotides per amino acid Correct
Answer-Need at least 3 nucleotides per amino acid
The minimum number of nucleotides necessary to identify all of the
amino acids is 3 since 4^2 = 16, which is less than 20 combinations, and
4^3 = 64 which is above 20 combinations.
Is the code overlapping or non-overlapping? Correct Answer-Translation
occurs in such a way that these nucleotide triplets are read in a
successive, non-overlapping fashion
Overlapping Code Correct Answer-In an overlapping code, some
nucleotides in the mRNA are shared by different codons
,Nonoverlapping Code Correct Answer-In a nonoverlapping code,
codons (numbered consecutively) do not share nucleotides.
Inserting or deleting one base pair (shown here in the mRNA transcript)
alters the sequence of triplets in a non-overlapping code; all amino acids
coded by the mRNA following the change are affected. Combining
insertion and deletion mutations affects some amino acids but can
eventually restore the correct amino acid sequence.
Are individual codewords delimited? Correct Answer-No
What establishes the reading frame in RNA? Correct Answer-The first
AUG codon in a sequence establishes a reading frame, in which a new
codon begins at every third nucleotide residue.
How to deduce relevant polypeptide sequence encoded in reading frame
Correct Answer-Reading frame established by start codon AUG (codes
for Met).
The codons are written in the 5′→3′ direction. The third base of each
codon plays a lesser role in specifying an amino acid than the first two.
Consequence of one or two base addition or deletion Correct Answer-
Inserting or deleting one base pair alters the sequence of triplets in a
non-overlapping code; all amino acids coded by the mRNA following
the change are affected.
, Combining insertion and deletion mutations affects some amino acids
but can eventually restore the correct amino acid sequence.
Frameshift Mutation Correct Answer-Insertion or deletion of one or two
bases
Initiation codon (start codon) Correct Answer-AUG is the most common
signal for the beginning of a polypeptide in all cells, in addition to
coding for Met residues in internal positions of polypeptides
termination codon (stop codon) Correct Answer-UAA, UAG, and UGA;
in protein synthesis, these codons signal termination of a polypeptide
chain
Open Reading Frame Correct Answer-A group of contiguous, non-
overlapping nucleotide codons in a DNA or RNA molecule that does not
include a termination codon. (50 or more consecutive codons)
Degenerate Correct Answer-A code in which a single element in one
language is specified by more than one element in a second language. In
other words, an amino acid may be specified by more than one codon.
Aminoacyl tRNAs interact with mRNA Correct Answer-Transfer RNAs
base-pair with mRNA codons at a three-base sequence on the tRNA
called the anticodon. The first base of the codon in mRNA (read in the
5′→3′ direction) pairs with the third base of the anticodon.
