AP Biology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers
100% Solved
emergent properties Correct answer-new properties that emerge with each step upward
in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases
negative feedback Correct answer-a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
positive feedback Correct answer-a physiological control mechanism in which a change in
a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
inductive reasoning Correct answer-reasoning based on observed patterns
polymer Correct answer-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
hydrolysis Correct answer-a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and
changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water
enzyme Correct answer-protein that acts as a biological catalyst
phospholipids Correct answer-a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
, AP Biology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers
100% Solved
cellular respiration Correct answer-process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
phosphorylation Correct answer-the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a
molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by
phosphorylation
chemiosmosis Correct answer-a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation Correct answer-the process by which cells break down molecules to release
energy without using oxygen
gametes Correct answer-reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes
as body cells
meiosis Correct answer-a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which
results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell Correct answer-cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except
gametes
, AP Biology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers
100% Solved
crossing over Correct answer-the interchange of sections between pairing homologous
chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
transcription Correct answer-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons Correct answer-a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
RNA splicing Correct answer-process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
mutations Correct answer-random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the
sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
repetitive DNA Correct answer-nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are
present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome.
transposons Correct answer-small mobile DNA segments
homeobox Correct answer-one of various similar homeotic genes that are involved in
bodily segmentation during embryonic development
100% Solved
emergent properties Correct answer-new properties that emerge with each step upward
in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases
negative feedback Correct answer-a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
positive feedback Correct answer-a physiological control mechanism in which a change in
a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
inductive reasoning Correct answer-reasoning based on observed patterns
polymer Correct answer-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
hydrolysis Correct answer-a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and
changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water
enzyme Correct answer-protein that acts as a biological catalyst
phospholipids Correct answer-a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
, AP Biology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers
100% Solved
cellular respiration Correct answer-process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
phosphorylation Correct answer-the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a
molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by
phosphorylation
chemiosmosis Correct answer-a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation Correct answer-the process by which cells break down molecules to release
energy without using oxygen
gametes Correct answer-reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes
as body cells
meiosis Correct answer-a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which
results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell Correct answer-cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except
gametes
, AP Biology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers
100% Solved
crossing over Correct answer-the interchange of sections between pairing homologous
chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
transcription Correct answer-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons Correct answer-a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
RNA splicing Correct answer-process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
mutations Correct answer-random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the
sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
repetitive DNA Correct answer-nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are
present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome.
transposons Correct answer-small mobile DNA segments
homeobox Correct answer-one of various similar homeotic genes that are involved in
bodily segmentation during embryonic development
