final nr 565 pharm chamberlain 2024
TSH - ANSWER Thyroid-stimulating hormone used to diagnose thyroid disorders
Free & Total T4 - ANSWER Lab tests used to diagnose thyroid disorders
Free & Total T3 - ANSWER Lab tests used to diagnose thyroid disorders
6-8 weeks - ANSWER Timeframe for re-checking labs after starting levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Signs and symptoms include pale, puffy face, cold and
dry skin, brittle hair, lowered heart rate and temperature, lethargy, and intolerance to
cold
Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Signs and symptoms include rapid and strong
heartbeat, dysrhythmias, angina, nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, rapid
speech, weakened and atrophied muscles, increased metabolic rate, heat
intolerance, warm and moist skin, increased appetite, and weight loss
Thyroid storm - ANSWER Treatment includes high doses of potassium iodide or
strong iodine solution, methimazole, β-blocker, sedation, cooling, glucocorticoids,
and IV fluids
Permanent neuropsychological deficits - ANSWER Result of untreated
hypothyroidism during pregnancy
Thionamide drugs - ANSWER Medication to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism,
suppress thyroid hormone synthesis
Levothyroxine - ANSWER Absorption reduced by food, should be taken on an
empty stomach in the morning
Histamine 2 receptor blockers - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of
levothyroxine
Proton pump inhibitors - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Sucralfate - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
Cholestyramine - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
Colestipol - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
, Aluminum-containing antacids - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of
levothyroxine
Calcium supplements - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Iron supplements - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Magnesium salts - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Orlistat - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
Fasting plasma glucose - ANSWER ≥126 mg/dL to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
Random plasma glucose - ANSWER ≥200 mg/dL plus symptoms of diabetes to
confirm a diagnosis
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - ANSWER 2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL to
confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
Hemoglobin A1c - ANSWER 6.5% or higher to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
A1C - ANSWER General goal is <7%, older adult goal is <8%
Insulin - ANSWER Considered for all type 1 DM patients, preferred for pregnant
patients, recommended for patients with A1C >9% at diagnosis or A1C >10%,
fasting blood glucose >300, or marked symptoms
Every 3 to 6 months - ANSWER Time interval for re-checking insulin
Insulin - ANSWER Primarily anabolic, promotes energy conservation, glycogen
buildup, cell growth, and division
Pioglitazone - ANSWER Contraindicated in heart failure, can cause fluid retention
GLP-1 - ANSWER Increases insulin production, inhibits glucagon release,
increases satiety
SGLT2 - ANSWER Blocks glucose reabsorption by kidneys, increases glucose
release in urine
DPP-4i - ANSWER Inhibits DPP-4 activity, increases active incretin concentrations,
increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon
TZD - ANSWER Enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle tissue, reduces glucagon
production in the liver
GLP-1 - ANSWER Drug class to consider for diabetes prior to insulin
TSH - ANSWER Thyroid-stimulating hormone used to diagnose thyroid disorders
Free & Total T4 - ANSWER Lab tests used to diagnose thyroid disorders
Free & Total T3 - ANSWER Lab tests used to diagnose thyroid disorders
6-8 weeks - ANSWER Timeframe for re-checking labs after starting levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Signs and symptoms include pale, puffy face, cold and
dry skin, brittle hair, lowered heart rate and temperature, lethargy, and intolerance to
cold
Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Signs and symptoms include rapid and strong
heartbeat, dysrhythmias, angina, nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, rapid
speech, weakened and atrophied muscles, increased metabolic rate, heat
intolerance, warm and moist skin, increased appetite, and weight loss
Thyroid storm - ANSWER Treatment includes high doses of potassium iodide or
strong iodine solution, methimazole, β-blocker, sedation, cooling, glucocorticoids,
and IV fluids
Permanent neuropsychological deficits - ANSWER Result of untreated
hypothyroidism during pregnancy
Thionamide drugs - ANSWER Medication to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism,
suppress thyroid hormone synthesis
Levothyroxine - ANSWER Absorption reduced by food, should be taken on an
empty stomach in the morning
Histamine 2 receptor blockers - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of
levothyroxine
Proton pump inhibitors - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Sucralfate - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
Cholestyramine - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
Colestipol - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
, Aluminum-containing antacids - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of
levothyroxine
Calcium supplements - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Iron supplements - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Magnesium salts - ANSWER Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Orlistat - ANSWER Drug that reduces absorption of levothyroxine
Fasting plasma glucose - ANSWER ≥126 mg/dL to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
Random plasma glucose - ANSWER ≥200 mg/dL plus symptoms of diabetes to
confirm a diagnosis
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - ANSWER 2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL to
confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
Hemoglobin A1c - ANSWER 6.5% or higher to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
A1C - ANSWER General goal is <7%, older adult goal is <8%
Insulin - ANSWER Considered for all type 1 DM patients, preferred for pregnant
patients, recommended for patients with A1C >9% at diagnosis or A1C >10%,
fasting blood glucose >300, or marked symptoms
Every 3 to 6 months - ANSWER Time interval for re-checking insulin
Insulin - ANSWER Primarily anabolic, promotes energy conservation, glycogen
buildup, cell growth, and division
Pioglitazone - ANSWER Contraindicated in heart failure, can cause fluid retention
GLP-1 - ANSWER Increases insulin production, inhibits glucagon release,
increases satiety
SGLT2 - ANSWER Blocks glucose reabsorption by kidneys, increases glucose
release in urine
DPP-4i - ANSWER Inhibits DPP-4 activity, increases active incretin concentrations,
increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon
TZD - ANSWER Enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle tissue, reduces glucagon
production in the liver
GLP-1 - ANSWER Drug class to consider for diabetes prior to insulin
