NURS 6700 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
What is Conception? Correct Answer-The union of a single egg and
sperm, which marks the beginning of a pregnancy
It is not an isolated event, but is it part of a sequential process, which
includes gamete (egg and sperm) formation, ovulation, fertilization, and
implantation in the uterus
What is Oogenesis? Correct Answer-the process of egg (ovum)
formation and begins during fetal life in the female
The primary oocytes begin the first meiotic division (i.e., they replicate
their DNA) during fetal life, but they remained suspended at this stage
until puberty
Then, usually monthly, one primary oocyte matures and completes the
first meiotic division, yielding two unequal cells: the secondary oocyte
and the first polar body, which degenerates - Both contain 22 autosomes
and one X sex chromosome.
At ovulation, the second meiotic division begins, BUT the ovum does
not complete the second meiotic division unless fertilization occurs
What is the zona pellucida Correct Answer-The inner protective layer
surrounding the ovum and is a thick acellular layer
,What is the corona radiata Correct Answer-The outer protective layer
surrounding the ovum and is composed of elongated cells
How long is an ovum considered fertile for? Correct Answer-~24hrs.
after ovulation
How long will sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive tract?
Correct Answer-About 2-3 days
Where does fertilization take place? Correct Answer-In the ampulla
(outer third) of the uterine tube.
What is zonal reaction? Correct Answer-When a sperm successfully
penetrates the membrane surrounding the ovum, both sperm and ovum
are enclosed within the membrane, and the membrane becomes
impenetrable to other sperm
A group of cells that gives rise to the placenta is called? Correct
Answer-Trophoblast
Where does the blastocyst implant in the endometrium Correct Answer-
Usually the anterior or posterior part of the fundus
How many days after conception does implantation occur? What
happens to make implantation occur? Correct Answer-6-10 days
,the trophoblast secretes enzymes that enable it to burrow into the
endometrium until the entire blastocyst is covered
Last menstrual period (LMP) method of determining how long
pregnancy lasts Correct Answer-Conception occurs approximately 2
weeks after the first day of the LMP; thus the postconception age of the
fetus is 2 weeks less, for a total of 266 days, or 38 weeks.
All tissues and organs develop from what 3 primary germ layers? When
does this happen? Correct Answer-The ectoderm, mesoderm and
endoderm
This occurs the third week after conception
What stage is the most critical time for human development? Why?
How long does this stage last? What are teratogens? Correct Answer-
Embryonic stage and it lasts from day 15 to ~8 weeks after conception.
This stage is the period of organogenesis and is the most critical time in
the development of the organ systems and the main external features
Developing areas with rapid cell division are the most vulnerable to
malformations caused by environmental teratogens - substances or
exposure that causes abnormal development
At the end of the 8 weeks, all organ systems and external structures are
present
, What are some functions of amniotic fluid? Correct Answer-· Helps to
maintain a constant fetal body temp.
· Serves as a source of oral fluid and a repository for waste
· Assists in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
· Allows the fetus freedom of movement for musculoskeletal
development
· With the uterine walls, provides the fetus with resistance to movements
while being active
· Cushions the fetus from trauma by outside forces allowing pressure to
be distributed from one side to another with minimal exertion on the
fetus
· The weightless state allows the face and body of the fetus to develop
symmetrically
· Auditory stimulation is provided by the rhythmic sounds of the blood
flow through the umbilical cord, and extrauterine sounds are transmitted
in a muted form to the fetus
· Has antibacterial factors, including transferrin, fatty acids,
immunoglobulins, and lysozyme, to protect the fetus from infection and,
with adequate volume, facilitates normal fetal lung development
· Keeps the embryo from tangling with the membranes
T/F: The volume of amniotic fluid is an important factor in assessing
fetal well-being throughout pregnancy Correct Answer-True!
What is Conception? Correct Answer-The union of a single egg and
sperm, which marks the beginning of a pregnancy
It is not an isolated event, but is it part of a sequential process, which
includes gamete (egg and sperm) formation, ovulation, fertilization, and
implantation in the uterus
What is Oogenesis? Correct Answer-the process of egg (ovum)
formation and begins during fetal life in the female
The primary oocytes begin the first meiotic division (i.e., they replicate
their DNA) during fetal life, but they remained suspended at this stage
until puberty
Then, usually monthly, one primary oocyte matures and completes the
first meiotic division, yielding two unequal cells: the secondary oocyte
and the first polar body, which degenerates - Both contain 22 autosomes
and one X sex chromosome.
At ovulation, the second meiotic division begins, BUT the ovum does
not complete the second meiotic division unless fertilization occurs
What is the zona pellucida Correct Answer-The inner protective layer
surrounding the ovum and is a thick acellular layer
,What is the corona radiata Correct Answer-The outer protective layer
surrounding the ovum and is composed of elongated cells
How long is an ovum considered fertile for? Correct Answer-~24hrs.
after ovulation
How long will sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive tract?
Correct Answer-About 2-3 days
Where does fertilization take place? Correct Answer-In the ampulla
(outer third) of the uterine tube.
What is zonal reaction? Correct Answer-When a sperm successfully
penetrates the membrane surrounding the ovum, both sperm and ovum
are enclosed within the membrane, and the membrane becomes
impenetrable to other sperm
A group of cells that gives rise to the placenta is called? Correct
Answer-Trophoblast
Where does the blastocyst implant in the endometrium Correct Answer-
Usually the anterior or posterior part of the fundus
How many days after conception does implantation occur? What
happens to make implantation occur? Correct Answer-6-10 days
,the trophoblast secretes enzymes that enable it to burrow into the
endometrium until the entire blastocyst is covered
Last menstrual period (LMP) method of determining how long
pregnancy lasts Correct Answer-Conception occurs approximately 2
weeks after the first day of the LMP; thus the postconception age of the
fetus is 2 weeks less, for a total of 266 days, or 38 weeks.
All tissues and organs develop from what 3 primary germ layers? When
does this happen? Correct Answer-The ectoderm, mesoderm and
endoderm
This occurs the third week after conception
What stage is the most critical time for human development? Why?
How long does this stage last? What are teratogens? Correct Answer-
Embryonic stage and it lasts from day 15 to ~8 weeks after conception.
This stage is the period of organogenesis and is the most critical time in
the development of the organ systems and the main external features
Developing areas with rapid cell division are the most vulnerable to
malformations caused by environmental teratogens - substances or
exposure that causes abnormal development
At the end of the 8 weeks, all organ systems and external structures are
present
, What are some functions of amniotic fluid? Correct Answer-· Helps to
maintain a constant fetal body temp.
· Serves as a source of oral fluid and a repository for waste
· Assists in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
· Allows the fetus freedom of movement for musculoskeletal
development
· With the uterine walls, provides the fetus with resistance to movements
while being active
· Cushions the fetus from trauma by outside forces allowing pressure to
be distributed from one side to another with minimal exertion on the
fetus
· The weightless state allows the face and body of the fetus to develop
symmetrically
· Auditory stimulation is provided by the rhythmic sounds of the blood
flow through the umbilical cord, and extrauterine sounds are transmitted
in a muted form to the fetus
· Has antibacterial factors, including transferrin, fatty acids,
immunoglobulins, and lysozyme, to protect the fetus from infection and,
with adequate volume, facilitates normal fetal lung development
· Keeps the embryo from tangling with the membranes
T/F: The volume of amniotic fluid is an important factor in assessing
fetal well-being throughout pregnancy Correct Answer-True!
