Life-Span Development Final (Straighterline) test questions and answers.

Population Parameter a numerical description of a particular population characteristic, must describe all members being studied Sample Statistic the actual numerical descriptions of a particular sample characteristic Population is a particular group of interest Sample a subset of the population from which data are collected Descriptive Statistics gathers, sorts, summarizes, and displays the data Inferential Statistics involves using descriptive statistics to estimate population Qualitative Data consist of labels or descriptions of traits of the sample (ex: Nominal, Ordinal) Quantitative Data consists of counts or measures etc and therefore, are numerical (ex: Interval, Ratio) Nominal Data data that represents whether a variable possesses some characteristic Ordinal Data data that represents categories that have some associated order Interval Data data that can be ordered and the arithmetic difference is meaningful Ratio Data similar to interval except that they have a meaningful zero point and the ratio of the two data points is meaningful Census when data is obtained from every member of the population Stratified Sampling one in which the members of the population are divided into two or more subgroups, called strata, that share similar characteristics like age, gender, or ethnicity Systemic Sampling one chosen by selecting every nth member of the population Simple Random Sample one in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected Cluster Sampling one chosen by dividing the population into groups, called clusters, that are each similar to the entire population Convenience Sampling one in which the sample is "convenient" to select for the researcher Meta-analysis a study that compiles information from previous studies Case study looks at multiple variables that affect a single event Observational Study observes data that already exists Experimental Study generates data to help identify cause-and-effect relationships Single-blind experiment subjects do not know if they are in the control group or the treatment group, but the people interacting with the subjects in the experiment know in which group each subject had been placed Double-blind experiment neither the subjects nor the people interacting with the subjects know to which group each subject belongs Informed Consent involves completely disclosing to participants the goals and procedures involved in a study and obtaining their agreement to participate Biased favoring certain results