NURS 316 Midterm 2 Exam Questions
and Correct Answers
Normal saline is what type of intravenous solution? Select one or more:
A. Isotonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Hypertonic
D. Crystalloid ✅A. Isotonic
D. Crystalloid
Low plasma pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3-) indicate the following primary acid-base
disturbance. Select one:
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis ✅Answer: A. Metabolic acidosis
Which of the following scenarios place the client at a high risk for developing
hypoparathyroidism and require close supervision for assessing for development of
muscle cramps, carpopedal spams, convulsions, and parasthesia in the hands and
feet? Select all that apply.
A. A neck cancer client returning from OR after having a radical neck dissection
B. A hyperthyroid client experiencing a "thyroid storm" requiring urgent thyroidectomy.
C. A client with seizure experiencing some anoxic deficits and memory loss
D. A client with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the uvula ✅Answer: A, B
Of the following clients, which would be at highest risk for developing hyperkalemia?
A. A male admitted for acute renal failure following a drug overdose
B. A client diagnosed with an ischemic stroke with multiple sensory and motor deficit.
C. An elderly client experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea as a result of influenza
D. A postsurgical client whose thyroidectomy resulted in a loss of some of the
parathyroid glands ✅Answer: A. A male admitted for acute renal failure following a
drug overdose.
A 2 week old infant (full term at birth) is admitted to the pediatrics unit with "spitting up
large amounts of formula" and diarrhea. The infant has developed a weak suck reflex.
Which of the following statements about total body water (TBW) is accurate in this
situation?
A. About 52% of the infants weight accounts for the amount of water in their body
, B. Because of the infants' higher fat ratio, one should anticipate an increased TBW to as
high as 90%
C. Most full-term infants have a TBW of approximately 75% due to their high metabolic
rate.
D. Most of an infants' TBW remains in the ICF compartment, so they should be able to
transfer needed water into the ECF space. ✅Answer: C. Most full-term infants have a
TBW of approximately 75% due to their high metabolic rate.
Manifestations of respiratory alkalosis include which of the following ? Select one or
more:
A. Light headedness, and numbness in fingers and toes
B. Tetany
C. Flushed skin
D. Weakness, and headache ✅Answer: A, B
The nursing instructor is discussing renal failure with her senior nursing class. The
instructor states, "A patient in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes
in pH." What is the cause of this partial inability?
A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes.
C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
✅Answer: C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable
pH
High plasma pH and low PCO2 indicate the following primary acid-base disturbance.
Select one:
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis ✅Answer: D. Respiratory alkalosis
Manifestations of metabolic acidosis include which of the following? Select one or more:
A. Light headedness, and numbness in the fingers and toes
B. Abdominal pain
C. Weakness
D. Stupor ✅Answer: C. Weakness
An elderly client is admitted with elevated magnesium level related to a history of renal
insufficiency and excess of antacids and laxatives containing magnesium. On admission
assessment, the nurse notes which clinical manifestations that correlate to
hypermagnesemia? Select all that apply:
and Correct Answers
Normal saline is what type of intravenous solution? Select one or more:
A. Isotonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Hypertonic
D. Crystalloid ✅A. Isotonic
D. Crystalloid
Low plasma pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3-) indicate the following primary acid-base
disturbance. Select one:
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis ✅Answer: A. Metabolic acidosis
Which of the following scenarios place the client at a high risk for developing
hypoparathyroidism and require close supervision for assessing for development of
muscle cramps, carpopedal spams, convulsions, and parasthesia in the hands and
feet? Select all that apply.
A. A neck cancer client returning from OR after having a radical neck dissection
B. A hyperthyroid client experiencing a "thyroid storm" requiring urgent thyroidectomy.
C. A client with seizure experiencing some anoxic deficits and memory loss
D. A client with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the uvula ✅Answer: A, B
Of the following clients, which would be at highest risk for developing hyperkalemia?
A. A male admitted for acute renal failure following a drug overdose
B. A client diagnosed with an ischemic stroke with multiple sensory and motor deficit.
C. An elderly client experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea as a result of influenza
D. A postsurgical client whose thyroidectomy resulted in a loss of some of the
parathyroid glands ✅Answer: A. A male admitted for acute renal failure following a
drug overdose.
A 2 week old infant (full term at birth) is admitted to the pediatrics unit with "spitting up
large amounts of formula" and diarrhea. The infant has developed a weak suck reflex.
Which of the following statements about total body water (TBW) is accurate in this
situation?
A. About 52% of the infants weight accounts for the amount of water in their body
, B. Because of the infants' higher fat ratio, one should anticipate an increased TBW to as
high as 90%
C. Most full-term infants have a TBW of approximately 75% due to their high metabolic
rate.
D. Most of an infants' TBW remains in the ICF compartment, so they should be able to
transfer needed water into the ECF space. ✅Answer: C. Most full-term infants have a
TBW of approximately 75% due to their high metabolic rate.
Manifestations of respiratory alkalosis include which of the following ? Select one or
more:
A. Light headedness, and numbness in fingers and toes
B. Tetany
C. Flushed skin
D. Weakness, and headache ✅Answer: A, B
The nursing instructor is discussing renal failure with her senior nursing class. The
instructor states, "A patient in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes
in pH." What is the cause of this partial inability?
A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes.
C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
✅Answer: C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable
pH
High plasma pH and low PCO2 indicate the following primary acid-base disturbance.
Select one:
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis ✅Answer: D. Respiratory alkalosis
Manifestations of metabolic acidosis include which of the following? Select one or more:
A. Light headedness, and numbness in the fingers and toes
B. Abdominal pain
C. Weakness
D. Stupor ✅Answer: C. Weakness
An elderly client is admitted with elevated magnesium level related to a history of renal
insufficiency and excess of antacids and laxatives containing magnesium. On admission
assessment, the nurse notes which clinical manifestations that correlate to
hypermagnesemia? Select all that apply:
