BIO201 Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 5 - Tissues (StraighterLine)WITH verified solutions.

Tissues collections of similar cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them 4 primary tissue types epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous Histology microscopic study of tissues germ layers All four of the primary tissue types are derived from each of the three The 3 germ layers endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm embryonic tissue Any tissue that arises from the fertilization of an ovum and has not become differentiated or specialized. epitheleal tissue function of a tissue type: covering, lining, glands Epithelium consists of cells with little extracellular matrix. It covers surfaces, usually has a basement membrane, and does not have blood vessels. Basement membrane The _____________ of epithelium is secreted by the epithelial cells and attaches the epithelium to the underlying tissues. 1. protect underlying structures 2. act as barriers 3. permit some substances to pass through epithelial layers 4. secrete substances 5. absorb substances. What is the function of epithelium tissue? simple epithelium tissue single layer of cells stratified epithelial tissue multiple layers of cells pseudostratified epithelium tissue a single layer that appears stratified squamous (flat), cuboidal, or columnar. Epithelial Cell shapes stratified squamous ______________ epithelium can be nonkeratinized or keratinized. transitional epithelium ____________ epithelium can be nonkeratinized or keratinized. diffusion, filtration, secretion, or absorption Simple epithelium function protection Stratified epithelium function Squamous cells function diffusion and filtration cuboidal or columnar cell function secrete or absorb A smooth free surface reduces friction (mesothelium and endothelium), microvilli increase absorption (intestines), and cilia move materials across the free surface (respiratory tract and uterine tubes). Transitional epithelium has a folded surface that allows the cell to change shape, and the number of cells making up the epithelial layers changes. Cells are bound together mechanically by glycoproteins, desmosomes, and adhesion belts and to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes. Tight junctions form a permeability barrier, and gap junctions allow intercellular communication. Glands organs that secrete Exocrine glands secrete through ducts endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream Glands are classified as either: unicellular or multicellular Goblet cells are _______________ glands unicellular Multicellular exocrine glands have ______, which are simple or compound. These can be tubular or end in small sacs (acini or alveoli) ducts __________ glands can be straight or coiled tubular Glands are classified according to their mode of secretion merocrine glands secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced (i.e. pancreas) apocrine glands accumulate secretions that are released when a portion of the cell pinches off (mammary glands) holocrine glands accumulate secretions that are released when the cell ruptures and dies ( sebaceous glands) Connective tissue is ditinguished by its extracellular matrix function of connective tissue binding and support, protection, insulation, transportation The extracellular matrix results from the activity of these specialized connective tissue cells 1. -blast cells