Conservation & Climate Changestudy guide questions and answers.

4 responses to climate change 1. move 2. adapt (cross generation) 3. acclimatize 4. die What does climate change affect on species? -species abundance -distribution -physiology -morphology -phenology What is the equation of Plasticity (to which the environment modifies phenotypic expression) P = G+E What affects of climate change have on the stress of birds? -rapid response 1. intergenerational: maternal effects -yolk production is affected when stress levels are high 2.Behavioral response: -rapid and reversible -early indicator of climate stressor Behavioural responses to climate change conditions: Research bias: conditions: -temperature; precipitation; indirect effects (food, microhabitat) Research Bias: -temperate, terrestial -need more aquatic, desert, alpine, and boreal studies How was the American Pika able adapt to climate change? Pika's showed plasticity: -found living/storing food in forests with shade -cooler temps = thermoregulatory response What is the unusual behavior Pika's have when living in shaded forest areas? they are able to be active during the day rather than just cooler parts of the day in talus habitats what are specific behavior changes that he A. Pika has in low elevated habitats? 1.Foraging -consume mostly moss -spend the day feeding rather than cashing -don't drink water (get water from moss) -smaller home range size 2. Thermoregulation -restrict activity or modify body shape (turn into sphere to save body heat) Future Research on conservation and climate change -examine multiple climate variables at once -long-term studies -identify which aspects of life history, ecology most easily modified -constraints limiting acclimatization -level of plasticity -generalists vs specialists -populations at edge of range -ecological tolerance -heritability studies -can plasticity be heritable? What are management implications with regards to climate change? porate behavioural flexibility into conservation assessments -higher plasticity animals are least of consern 2. behavioural shifts as indicators of responses to warming climates -rapid response = fast action? what are some problems when integrating conservation with climate change? 1. Behavioural shifts constrained by fragmentation, urbanization 2. insufficient flexibility for environmental change -too rapid and severe does not allow the species to adapt 3. physiological limitations, trade-offs -changes in investment of energy (reproduction) 4. habitat refugia: protection needed -important to identify What is species redistribution ecology? explanatory: understand the processes that are driving species redistribution anticipatory: ability to predict future distributions -SDM (species distribution models) ectothermic: species showing greatest effects -thermal performance curves -rely on temp for body temp Asymmetries btwn species: -see if temp affects more than 1 species in the community traits of mediating redistribution: -use of refugia