Child Development Exam | Questions
and Verified Solutions 2024/2025
Updated | Graded A+
Child Development - Answer - an area of study devoted to
understanding constancy and change from conception through
adolescence. Part of a larger field of study, Developmental Science,
which studies throughout entire lifespan.
Major Domains of Development - Answer - Physical, Cognitive,
Emotional & Social
Periods of Development - Answer - -Prenatal development (conception-
birth: most rapid time of change, one celled organism transformed into
human body, can adjust to surrounding world)
-Infancy/Toddlerhood (birth-2: dramatic changes in body and brain that
allow for motor, perceptual, and intellectual changes, beginning of
language, attachment begins, first independent steps, infancy=birth-1,
toddlerhood=1-2)
-Early childhood (2-6: body is longer and leaner, motor sills refined,
children are more self-controlled and self-efficient, thought and
language expand, ties with peers)
-Middle childhood (6-11: learn about wider world and master new
responsibilities, improved athletic abilities, participation in organized
games with rules, more logical thought, mastery of basic literacy skills,
understanding morality and friendship)
,-Adolescence (11-18: transition into adulthood, puberty and sexual
maturity, thought is abstract and idealistic, schooling is directed toward
prep for higher education/work world)
**Emerging adolescence: 18-25, not accepting of adult-roles yet,
exploring world, not yet enduring life commitments**
Theory - Answer - an orderly, integrated set of statements that
describes, explains, and predicts behaviour. First, they provide
organizing frameworks for our observations of children. In other words,
they guide and give meaning to what we see. Second, verified by
research often serve as a sound basis for practical action.
Continuous Development - Answer - the view that development is a
process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were
there to begin with
Discontinuous Development - Answer - The view that development is a
process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the
world emerge in specific stages.
Contexts - Answer - Unique combinations of personal and
environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of
change.
Resilience - Answer - the ability to adapt effectively in the face of
threats to development
John Locke - Answer - 1632-1704
Continuous
Nurture
,Many course of development
17th century English philosopher. Wrote that the mind was a "blank
slate" or "tabula rasa"; that is, people are born without innate ideas.
We are completely shaped by our environment .
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Answer - 1712- 1778
Discontinuous
Nature
One course of development
This French philosophe believed that human beings had been most free
and happy in the state of nature (the "noble savage"), but had been
corrupted by civilization
Charles Darwin - Answer - 1809-1882
He was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have
descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the
scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a
process that he called natural selection
G. Stanley Hall - Answer - 1844- 1924
Inspired by Darwin's work, ____ and his well-known student Arnold
Gesell (1880- 1961) developed theories based on evolutionary ideas.
These early leaders regarded child development as a maturational
process— a genetically deter-mined series of events that unfold
automatically, much like a flower
, Normative Approach - Answer - Measures of behaviour are taken on
large numbers of individuals and age- related averages are computed to
represent typical development.
Alfred Binet - Answer - 1857-1911
French psychologist who developed the first intelligence test in the
early 20th century, which later became known as the Stanford-Binet.
James Mark Baldwin - Answer - 1861-1934
American psychologist who believed that children developed through a
sequence of stages, but granted nature and nurture equal importance.
Psychoanalytic Theory - Answer - Children move through a series of
stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and
social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the
person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with
anxiety.
Sigmund Freud - Answer - 1856-1939
developed psychosexual theory, which emphasizes that how parents
manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is
crucial for healthy personality development.
3 parts of personality - Sigmund Freud - Answer - id=irrational
unconscience, driven by sexual desire;ego=the rationalizing conscience
or can do;superego=ingrained moral values or should do
Oral Stage - Answer - birth-1 year The new ego directs the baby's
sucking activities toward breast or bottle. If oral needs are not met
appropriately, the individual may develop such habits as thumb sucking,
and Verified Solutions 2024/2025
Updated | Graded A+
Child Development - Answer - an area of study devoted to
understanding constancy and change from conception through
adolescence. Part of a larger field of study, Developmental Science,
which studies throughout entire lifespan.
Major Domains of Development - Answer - Physical, Cognitive,
Emotional & Social
Periods of Development - Answer - -Prenatal development (conception-
birth: most rapid time of change, one celled organism transformed into
human body, can adjust to surrounding world)
-Infancy/Toddlerhood (birth-2: dramatic changes in body and brain that
allow for motor, perceptual, and intellectual changes, beginning of
language, attachment begins, first independent steps, infancy=birth-1,
toddlerhood=1-2)
-Early childhood (2-6: body is longer and leaner, motor sills refined,
children are more self-controlled and self-efficient, thought and
language expand, ties with peers)
-Middle childhood (6-11: learn about wider world and master new
responsibilities, improved athletic abilities, participation in organized
games with rules, more logical thought, mastery of basic literacy skills,
understanding morality and friendship)
,-Adolescence (11-18: transition into adulthood, puberty and sexual
maturity, thought is abstract and idealistic, schooling is directed toward
prep for higher education/work world)
**Emerging adolescence: 18-25, not accepting of adult-roles yet,
exploring world, not yet enduring life commitments**
Theory - Answer - an orderly, integrated set of statements that
describes, explains, and predicts behaviour. First, they provide
organizing frameworks for our observations of children. In other words,
they guide and give meaning to what we see. Second, verified by
research often serve as a sound basis for practical action.
Continuous Development - Answer - the view that development is a
process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were
there to begin with
Discontinuous Development - Answer - The view that development is a
process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the
world emerge in specific stages.
Contexts - Answer - Unique combinations of personal and
environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of
change.
Resilience - Answer - the ability to adapt effectively in the face of
threats to development
John Locke - Answer - 1632-1704
Continuous
Nurture
,Many course of development
17th century English philosopher. Wrote that the mind was a "blank
slate" or "tabula rasa"; that is, people are born without innate ideas.
We are completely shaped by our environment .
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Answer - 1712- 1778
Discontinuous
Nature
One course of development
This French philosophe believed that human beings had been most free
and happy in the state of nature (the "noble savage"), but had been
corrupted by civilization
Charles Darwin - Answer - 1809-1882
He was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have
descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the
scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a
process that he called natural selection
G. Stanley Hall - Answer - 1844- 1924
Inspired by Darwin's work, ____ and his well-known student Arnold
Gesell (1880- 1961) developed theories based on evolutionary ideas.
These early leaders regarded child development as a maturational
process— a genetically deter-mined series of events that unfold
automatically, much like a flower
, Normative Approach - Answer - Measures of behaviour are taken on
large numbers of individuals and age- related averages are computed to
represent typical development.
Alfred Binet - Answer - 1857-1911
French psychologist who developed the first intelligence test in the
early 20th century, which later became known as the Stanford-Binet.
James Mark Baldwin - Answer - 1861-1934
American psychologist who believed that children developed through a
sequence of stages, but granted nature and nurture equal importance.
Psychoanalytic Theory - Answer - Children move through a series of
stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and
social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the
person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with
anxiety.
Sigmund Freud - Answer - 1856-1939
developed psychosexual theory, which emphasizes that how parents
manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is
crucial for healthy personality development.
3 parts of personality - Sigmund Freud - Answer - id=irrational
unconscience, driven by sexual desire;ego=the rationalizing conscience
or can do;superego=ingrained moral values or should do
Oral Stage - Answer - birth-1 year The new ego directs the baby's
sucking activities toward breast or bottle. If oral needs are not met
appropriately, the individual may develop such habits as thumb sucking,
