6.2 Cloning and biotechnology 87 Quiz
Corrections And Answers|2024
a mutation made wild bananas parthenocarpic, what does this mean? - ✔ ✔ they produce fruit
without fertile seeds, which made them good to eat but also made them sterile.
define what a clone is - ✔ ✔ genetically identical organisms to both the parent organism and to each
other.
describe the characteristics of a wild banana - ✔ ✔ 1. full of hard seeds and virtually inedible
does the frequency at which identical twins occur vary between species ? - ✔ ✔ yes
- in domestic cattle identical twins rarely occur naturally
- while the incidence in natural human pregnancies is around 3 per 1000.
explain how horticulturists use cuttings to clone plants - ✔ ✔ - taking cuttings of plants- short
sections of stem are taken and planted either directly in the ground (e.g sugar cane) or in pots, e.g
pelargoniums.
- rooting hormone is often applied to the base of a cutting to encourage growth of new roots.
give some examples of common plats that are largely produced by micropropagation - ✔ ✔ 1.
potatoes
2. sugar cane
3. bananas
4. cassava
5. strawberries
6. grapes
7. chrysanthemums
8. douglas firs
9. orchids
give some examples of the development and use of biotechnology over several millennia - ✔ ✔ 1.
the earliest recorded use of microorganisms by people was around 6000 BC when the Sumerians and
Babylonians were using yeast to make beer.
, 2. by 4000 BC the Egyptians were using yeast to make their bread rise.
how are microorganisms indirectly used in food production? - ✔ ✔ they are used in biotechnological
processes to make food such as bread, yogurt and cheese.
- they have an indirect effect- it is their actions on other food that is important.
how do you take a leaf cutting (also known as a split vein cutting)? - ✔ ✔ 1. remove a complete leaf
and score the large veins on the lower leaf surface using a scalpel.
2. you can then put it on top of the growth medium with the broken veins facing down.
3. provide your cutting with a warm and moist environment.
4. a new plant should form from each break in the veins.
5. when you cutting has formed its own roots and is strong enough, you can plant it elsewhere to
continue growing.
how do you take a root cutting? - ✔ ✔ 1. cut a piece of root from the plant with a straight cut using a
scalpel or secateurs.
2. then remove the uncut end of the root with a slanted cut.
3. dip the end of the cutting in rooting powder and plant it in a suitable growth medium.
4. provide the cutting with a warm and moist environment
5. when your cutting has formed its own roots and is strong enough, you can plant it elsewhere to
continue growing.
how is artificial twinning different to natural twinning? - ✔ ✔ -the split in the early embryo is
produced manually
- the early embryo may be split into more than 2 pieces and results in a number of identical offspring
how is sugar cane usually propagated? - ✔ ✔ 1. by cloning
- short lengths of cane about 30cm long, with 3 nodes, are cut and buried in a clear field in shallow
trenches, covered with a thin layer of soil.
- per hectare 10-25,000 lengths of stem are planted.
in what industry is natural plant cloning exploited? and why? - ✔ ✔ 1. in horticulture by farmers and
gardeners to produce new plants.
2. splitting up bulbs, removing young plants form runners, and cutting up rhizomes all increase plant
number cheaply, and the new plants are genetically identical to the parents.
Corrections And Answers|2024
a mutation made wild bananas parthenocarpic, what does this mean? - ✔ ✔ they produce fruit
without fertile seeds, which made them good to eat but also made them sterile.
define what a clone is - ✔ ✔ genetically identical organisms to both the parent organism and to each
other.
describe the characteristics of a wild banana - ✔ ✔ 1. full of hard seeds and virtually inedible
does the frequency at which identical twins occur vary between species ? - ✔ ✔ yes
- in domestic cattle identical twins rarely occur naturally
- while the incidence in natural human pregnancies is around 3 per 1000.
explain how horticulturists use cuttings to clone plants - ✔ ✔ - taking cuttings of plants- short
sections of stem are taken and planted either directly in the ground (e.g sugar cane) or in pots, e.g
pelargoniums.
- rooting hormone is often applied to the base of a cutting to encourage growth of new roots.
give some examples of common plats that are largely produced by micropropagation - ✔ ✔ 1.
potatoes
2. sugar cane
3. bananas
4. cassava
5. strawberries
6. grapes
7. chrysanthemums
8. douglas firs
9. orchids
give some examples of the development and use of biotechnology over several millennia - ✔ ✔ 1.
the earliest recorded use of microorganisms by people was around 6000 BC when the Sumerians and
Babylonians were using yeast to make beer.
, 2. by 4000 BC the Egyptians were using yeast to make their bread rise.
how are microorganisms indirectly used in food production? - ✔ ✔ they are used in biotechnological
processes to make food such as bread, yogurt and cheese.
- they have an indirect effect- it is their actions on other food that is important.
how do you take a leaf cutting (also known as a split vein cutting)? - ✔ ✔ 1. remove a complete leaf
and score the large veins on the lower leaf surface using a scalpel.
2. you can then put it on top of the growth medium with the broken veins facing down.
3. provide your cutting with a warm and moist environment.
4. a new plant should form from each break in the veins.
5. when you cutting has formed its own roots and is strong enough, you can plant it elsewhere to
continue growing.
how do you take a root cutting? - ✔ ✔ 1. cut a piece of root from the plant with a straight cut using a
scalpel or secateurs.
2. then remove the uncut end of the root with a slanted cut.
3. dip the end of the cutting in rooting powder and plant it in a suitable growth medium.
4. provide the cutting with a warm and moist environment
5. when your cutting has formed its own roots and is strong enough, you can plant it elsewhere to
continue growing.
how is artificial twinning different to natural twinning? - ✔ ✔ -the split in the early embryo is
produced manually
- the early embryo may be split into more than 2 pieces and results in a number of identical offspring
how is sugar cane usually propagated? - ✔ ✔ 1. by cloning
- short lengths of cane about 30cm long, with 3 nodes, are cut and buried in a clear field in shallow
trenches, covered with a thin layer of soil.
- per hectare 10-25,000 lengths of stem are planted.
in what industry is natural plant cloning exploited? and why? - ✔ ✔ 1. in horticulture by farmers and
gardeners to produce new plants.
2. splitting up bulbs, removing young plants form runners, and cutting up rhizomes all increase plant
number cheaply, and the new plants are genetically identical to the parents.
