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Summary Pineal gland hormones

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August 3, 2024
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PINEAL GLAND HORMONES:


Melatonin (Synthezized from amino acid Trp)
- Age dependent (highest in children)
- Secretion is highest at night.


Synthesis:
1. Hydroxylation of trp in position 5
2. Decarboxylation from tryp to serotonin
3. Acetylation from serotonin to acetyl-serotonin
4. Methylation of acetyl-serotonin into melatonin (SAM dependent)


Biorythm:
DAY: Adrenergic neurons are inhibited by light during the day
NIGHT:
1. Norepinephrine released during night activates beta receptors, which are coupled with G proteins.
2. These increase the activity of adenylate cyclase & cAMP (secondary messengers), which activates seratonin N-
acetyl transferase (pineal gland), catalyzing the secretion of melatonin.
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