Final exam Review
Reproduction review
Fertilization of the ovum usually occurs in the oviducts, especially in the ampulla of the oviduct.
The endometrium layer of the uterus is composed of a single columnar epithelium containing
tubular glands.
Follicles are located in the cortex of the ovary.
The cortex is on the outside and the medulla is on the inside of the ovary.
Oogenesis begins during embryonic development.
An ovum finishes meiosis during fertilization.
The ovum only finishes meiosis II when it is fertilized.
A secondary follicle is composed of a theca folliculi, multiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells,
a zona pellucida, and an oocyte.
The tertiary follicle is a follicle stage characterized by the development of a corona radiata and a
fluid-filled antrum.
Compare and contrast Oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
1. When does the process start and end?
Oogenesis starts in the fetus at the gonadal ridges with a germ cell and it ends at
fertilization in the follicle when it finishes meiosis 2.
Spermatogenesis starts in the seminiferous tubules and ends in the epididymis as
sperm cells.
2. Where does the process occur?
Oogenesis occurs inside the ovary and Spermatogenesis occurs in testes.
3. How many gametes are produced by the process? (generally, not exact)
Oogenesis produces one mature ovum and spermatogenesis produces four haploid (n)
sperm cells.
4. How many viable gametes are formed per oogonia or spermatogonia?
One viable germ cell or egg is formed for oogonia and four haploid gametes are formed
for spermatogonia.
, Male reproduction review
What organs are considered primary sex organs in the male?
Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
These work together to provide secretions that constitute most of the fluid portion of semen
Trace the path of sperm from production to exiting the body.
Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules → they pass into the rete testis →
efferent ductules → to the epididymis → ductus deferens of spermatic cord → exit
out of the urethra
What condition does this animal have (picture on the screen)?
This animal has Cryptorchidism.
One of the testes did not descend into the scrotum but will develop because one of the testes
did descend.
There is a lack of regulation.
Cryptorchidism = failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum
What impact would this condition have on reproduction?
Would not be able to produce sperm → sterility
What should have happened during normal development?
The gubernaculum should help guide the testes in the inguinal canal and into the scrotum
The process of spermatogenesis:
Type A spermatogonia (2n) undergoes mitosis, where it makes more copies of themselves. This
then leads to becoming a Type B spermatogonia (2n). Next, it develops into primary
spermatocytes which undergoes meiosis I. These primary spermatocytes make duplicates and
split in half which leads to the development of the haploid (n) secondary spermatocytes. Each
secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II, which divides into 2 haploid spermatids.
Spermatids are haploid cells that undergo spermatozoa that become sperm in the lumen.
Spermatozoa is the process of spermiogensis which is the final stage of spermatogenesis
where spermatozoa become mature sperm cells. Lastly, during spermination, spermatozoa are
released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
Spermatozoon
Reproduction review
Fertilization of the ovum usually occurs in the oviducts, especially in the ampulla of the oviduct.
The endometrium layer of the uterus is composed of a single columnar epithelium containing
tubular glands.
Follicles are located in the cortex of the ovary.
The cortex is on the outside and the medulla is on the inside of the ovary.
Oogenesis begins during embryonic development.
An ovum finishes meiosis during fertilization.
The ovum only finishes meiosis II when it is fertilized.
A secondary follicle is composed of a theca folliculi, multiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells,
a zona pellucida, and an oocyte.
The tertiary follicle is a follicle stage characterized by the development of a corona radiata and a
fluid-filled antrum.
Compare and contrast Oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
1. When does the process start and end?
Oogenesis starts in the fetus at the gonadal ridges with a germ cell and it ends at
fertilization in the follicle when it finishes meiosis 2.
Spermatogenesis starts in the seminiferous tubules and ends in the epididymis as
sperm cells.
2. Where does the process occur?
Oogenesis occurs inside the ovary and Spermatogenesis occurs in testes.
3. How many gametes are produced by the process? (generally, not exact)
Oogenesis produces one mature ovum and spermatogenesis produces four haploid (n)
sperm cells.
4. How many viable gametes are formed per oogonia or spermatogonia?
One viable germ cell or egg is formed for oogonia and four haploid gametes are formed
for spermatogonia.
, Male reproduction review
What organs are considered primary sex organs in the male?
Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
These work together to provide secretions that constitute most of the fluid portion of semen
Trace the path of sperm from production to exiting the body.
Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules → they pass into the rete testis →
efferent ductules → to the epididymis → ductus deferens of spermatic cord → exit
out of the urethra
What condition does this animal have (picture on the screen)?
This animal has Cryptorchidism.
One of the testes did not descend into the scrotum but will develop because one of the testes
did descend.
There is a lack of regulation.
Cryptorchidism = failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum
What impact would this condition have on reproduction?
Would not be able to produce sperm → sterility
What should have happened during normal development?
The gubernaculum should help guide the testes in the inguinal canal and into the scrotum
The process of spermatogenesis:
Type A spermatogonia (2n) undergoes mitosis, where it makes more copies of themselves. This
then leads to becoming a Type B spermatogonia (2n). Next, it develops into primary
spermatocytes which undergoes meiosis I. These primary spermatocytes make duplicates and
split in half which leads to the development of the haploid (n) secondary spermatocytes. Each
secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II, which divides into 2 haploid spermatids.
Spermatids are haploid cells that undergo spermatozoa that become sperm in the lumen.
Spermatozoa is the process of spermiogensis which is the final stage of spermatogenesis
where spermatozoa become mature sperm cells. Lastly, during spermination, spermatozoa are
released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
Spermatozoon
