Research Test 3 Exam Questions And
Answers
Mixed methods research (MM) - ANS (quantitative + qualitative)
planned collection and integration of quantitative and qualitative questions/data within a single
study or coordinated clusters of studies; growing trend in nursing research
Advantages of mixed methods - ANS 1. Complementarity - by combining qual. and quan.
it avoids the limitations of using a single approach
2. Practicality - make the most of the study; phenomena are complex, so use what will help
answer the research questions fully
3. Enhanced validity - more confidence in results since multiple methods of data collection were
used
Pragmatism - ANS Paradigm associated with MM. It is the research question that should
drive the design of the inquiry
"dictatorship of the research question"
Purposes and applications of MM research - ANS MM applications:
- Instrument development - tests
- Intervention development - used to develop nursing interventions that are then tested for
efficacy; ex: a method of skin care
- Hypothesis generation - qualitative studies give the constructs or relationships, then these can
be tested and confirmed with larger samples in quantitative studies
- Theory building and testing - using multiple methods can build a stronger theory
- Explication - qualitative data explicates the meaning of quantitative relationships; explains
WHY they are related
Concurrent MM design - ANS Quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the SAME
TIME
Sequential MM design - ANS Quantitative and qualitative data are collected in PHASES
(the data collected and analyzed in the first phase is used to collect data in the second)
Morse notations system - ANS A nurse researcher made this system for sequencing and
prioritizing. Uppercase designated priority.
QUAL/quan - MM study in which dominant approach is qualitative
QUAN/qual - opposite
, QUAL/QUAN - both are equally dominant
QUAL + quan means approaches are occurring concurrently (at same time)
QUAL --> quan - qual is primary and quan is collected in phase 2 (sequential)
Convergent parallel MM design - ANS (triangulation design)
purpose is to obtain different, but complementary, data about the central phenomenon under
study (triangulates data sources)
QUAL + QUAN is used
semi-structured interview & instrument (test)
Explanatory MM design - ANS sequential design with quantitative data collected in the
first phase, followed by qualitative in the second phase
priority doesn't matter! - but quantitative is always 1st phase!
either QUAN --> qual, or quan --> QUAL
Exploratory MM design - ANS sequential design with qualitative collected first! (opposite
of explanatory)
QUAL --> quan or qual --> (QUAN)
either can be dominant, but qual is always first
Intervention research - ANS More complex than a simply comparing RCTs
intervention research often relies on MM to develop, refine, test, and understand the
intervention
Ex: clinical trials, evaluation research, and nursing intervention research (explained below)
Clinical trials - ANS Type of intervention research
test efficacy and effectiveness of clinical interventions! - associated with medical research
evaluate a therapy or drug
Phase I - develop best tx; establish safety, tolerance, dose; basic research
Phase II - test effectiveness; small-scale experimental or quasi (pilot research)
Phase III - full experimental test, RCT, tx EFFICACY, compare to other treatments
Phase IV - study EFFECTIVENESS in general population (external validity; how generalizable it
is
Practical clinical trials (or pragmatic clinical trials) help in making decision in real-world
applications; bridge the gap between efficacy and effectiveness studies
Evaluation research - ANS Type of intervention research
Examines how well a specific program, practice, or policy is working; helps determine whether
to adopt, change, or abandon a certain program/policy
typically MM design
Uses process analysis and economic analysis to weigh pros and cons
Answers
Mixed methods research (MM) - ANS (quantitative + qualitative)
planned collection and integration of quantitative and qualitative questions/data within a single
study or coordinated clusters of studies; growing trend in nursing research
Advantages of mixed methods - ANS 1. Complementarity - by combining qual. and quan.
it avoids the limitations of using a single approach
2. Practicality - make the most of the study; phenomena are complex, so use what will help
answer the research questions fully
3. Enhanced validity - more confidence in results since multiple methods of data collection were
used
Pragmatism - ANS Paradigm associated with MM. It is the research question that should
drive the design of the inquiry
"dictatorship of the research question"
Purposes and applications of MM research - ANS MM applications:
- Instrument development - tests
- Intervention development - used to develop nursing interventions that are then tested for
efficacy; ex: a method of skin care
- Hypothesis generation - qualitative studies give the constructs or relationships, then these can
be tested and confirmed with larger samples in quantitative studies
- Theory building and testing - using multiple methods can build a stronger theory
- Explication - qualitative data explicates the meaning of quantitative relationships; explains
WHY they are related
Concurrent MM design - ANS Quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the SAME
TIME
Sequential MM design - ANS Quantitative and qualitative data are collected in PHASES
(the data collected and analyzed in the first phase is used to collect data in the second)
Morse notations system - ANS A nurse researcher made this system for sequencing and
prioritizing. Uppercase designated priority.
QUAL/quan - MM study in which dominant approach is qualitative
QUAN/qual - opposite
, QUAL/QUAN - both are equally dominant
QUAL + quan means approaches are occurring concurrently (at same time)
QUAL --> quan - qual is primary and quan is collected in phase 2 (sequential)
Convergent parallel MM design - ANS (triangulation design)
purpose is to obtain different, but complementary, data about the central phenomenon under
study (triangulates data sources)
QUAL + QUAN is used
semi-structured interview & instrument (test)
Explanatory MM design - ANS sequential design with quantitative data collected in the
first phase, followed by qualitative in the second phase
priority doesn't matter! - but quantitative is always 1st phase!
either QUAN --> qual, or quan --> QUAL
Exploratory MM design - ANS sequential design with qualitative collected first! (opposite
of explanatory)
QUAL --> quan or qual --> (QUAN)
either can be dominant, but qual is always first
Intervention research - ANS More complex than a simply comparing RCTs
intervention research often relies on MM to develop, refine, test, and understand the
intervention
Ex: clinical trials, evaluation research, and nursing intervention research (explained below)
Clinical trials - ANS Type of intervention research
test efficacy and effectiveness of clinical interventions! - associated with medical research
evaluate a therapy or drug
Phase I - develop best tx; establish safety, tolerance, dose; basic research
Phase II - test effectiveness; small-scale experimental or quasi (pilot research)
Phase III - full experimental test, RCT, tx EFFICACY, compare to other treatments
Phase IV - study EFFECTIVENESS in general population (external validity; how generalizable it
is
Practical clinical trials (or pragmatic clinical trials) help in making decision in real-world
applications; bridge the gap between efficacy and effectiveness studies
Evaluation research - ANS Type of intervention research
Examines how well a specific program, practice, or policy is working; helps determine whether
to adopt, change, or abandon a certain program/policy
typically MM design
Uses process analysis and economic analysis to weigh pros and cons
