Summary The Chemistry of Organic Molecules for Introductory Biology (Handwritten)

THE CHEMISTRY OF
ORGANIC MOLECULES

, THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES

ORGANIC MOLECULES



19th vital force
chemists
century thought moucules of cells contain
of

chemistry into organic (living) inorganic (nonliving
↳ divided and



today "organic"
molecule contains
hydrogen and carbon
↳ means




molecules in
four classes of
organic living organisms
:




lipids ↳
nucleic acid
Carbohydrates proteins
↳ ↳ ↳


all
together called biomolecules


variety of molecules based unique properties of
organic on chemical carbon

↳ has total of 6 e- , 2 in first shell .
4 valence e- =
quite small

forms covalent bonds to form bonds with up to
always elements
4 other
gain 4
↳ can



1

with Catoms
carbon
generally forms bonds other and
·

living organisms
& &
H, N, O , P, S =
same elements that make up most It C |
D &

&

·



of carbon with other carbon atoms is
ability
to share e It


essential for
establishing shape ( function) of
=
biomolecules Methane

↳
C-c bond stable formation of chains
very
allows
long
=




also form
hydrocarbons chains of C
hydro carbons can
rings
=




H
with extra bonds
just for When in water
I 1
It1HNNNNI

C CCC It
H
C C
H HHNN Hit H |
Octane 16 16
C C
1616
H H
carbon can also form double bonds C C


itself flexible I
single
With -
not as as H


=
restrict movement of bonded atoms Cyclohexane

↳ double bonds affect shape and therefor function

carbon can also form triple bonds with itself e H-CEC-H
.
g
.




form C-form
branches can at
any long , complex chains


flexibility allows
diversity in
organic molecules
↳