Final- Urinary System & Venipuncture Test Questions and answer Graded A+

Final- Urinary System & Venipuncture Test Questions and answer Graded A+ Functions of the kidney include: 1. removing waste products from the blood. 2. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. 3. secreting substances that affect blood pressure. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1, 2 and 3 How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day? 0.5 to 1 L 1 to 2 L 1.5 to 2.5 L 2 to 3 L 1 to 2 L Which of the following is secreted by the suprarenal glands? Epinephrine Thyroxine Prolactin Glucagon epinephrine Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys? The left kidney is longer and narrower than the right. The left kidney is lower than the right. The right kidney is longer and narrower than the left. Both kidneys are the same length and width. The left kidney is longer and narrower than the right. For which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level? Sthenic Asthenic Hypersthenic Hyposthenic hypersthenic How much will the kidneys drop in the change from the supine to the upright position? 1 inch 2 inches 3 inches 3½ inches 2 inches The microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney are called: nephrons. calyces. the glomerulus. cortical substances. nephrons The cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsule of a nephron is called the: cortex. medulla. Henle loop. glomerulus. glomerulus Which of the following serves as the filter for the blood in the kidney? Glomerulus Afferent tubule Henle loop The convoluted tubules glomerulus The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the: hilum. calyces. renal sinuses. renal pelvis. calyces Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum? in front of the peritoneum in the peritoneal space behind the peritoneum in the peritoneum behind the peritoneum Which of the following serve(s) as a reservoir to store urine? Kidneys Calyces Ureters Urinary bladder urinary bladder How much fluid can the adult bladder hold when full? 75 mL 100 mL 400 mL 500 mL 500mL Where do the ureters enter the bladder? Posterior wall Superior wall Anterior wall Posterosuperior wall posterior wall The site where the ureters enter the bladder is termed the _____ junction. ureterocalyceal cystoureteral ureterovesical ureterocystic ureterovesical How long is the urethra in the female? 1 inch 1½ inches 2 inches 2½ inches 1½ inches The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographic images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed: pyelography. antegrade urography. intravenous urography. nephrotomography. intravenous urography. In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed: infusion. percutaneous. antegrade. retrograde. retrograde A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed: cystography. cystourethrography. cystoureterography. retrograde urography. cystography For which of the following anatomic areas is the retrograde technique used?1. Bladder 2. Lower ureters 3. Urethra 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1, 2, and 3 The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is: 40% to 60%. 50% to 70%. 60% to 80%. 70% to 90%. 50% to 70%. Nonionic contrast agents are preferred because: they produce fewer adverse reactions. less is required to perform an exam. the cost of nonionics is lower. the kidneys filter it faster, thus decreasing the exam time. they produce fewer adverse reactions. Significant reactions to contrast media include: 1. nausea. 2. vomiting. 3. edema of the respiratory mucous membrane. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1, 2, and 3 Nearly all life-threatening reactions to contrast media occur immediately or within _____ minutes of the injection. 2 5 10 20 20 Preparation of the patient for an IVU includes all of the following, except: NPO after midnight. cleansing enemas. a nongas forming laxative. a light evening meal. cleansing enemas The technical factors used for an IVU should provide sufficient exposure technique to clearly demonstrate all of these, except: borders of psoas muscles. lower liver border. renal shadows. nephrons. nephrons Which of the following must be available during an IVU? 1. Nurse 2. Radiologist 3. Emergency cart 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3 Where is the compression applied during an IVU? Over the kidneys Distal ends of the ureters Middle portion of the ureters Directly over the bladder distal ends of the ureters Compression should not be used during an IVU if the patient has a(n): 1. iodine allergy. 2. aneurysm. 3. colostomy. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3 The respiration phase for all exposures made during an IVU is: inspiration. expiration. suspended respiration. shallow breathing. expiration Contraindications for intravenous urography include: 1. anuria. 2. renal failure. 3. elderly patients. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1 and 2 Within how many minutes does contrast medium appear in the pelvicalyceal system? 0.5 to 1 2 to 8 5 to 11 12 to 18 2 to 8 How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast medium appear in the kidneys? 1 to 5 6 to 9 15 to 20 20 to 30 15 to 20 The series of radiographic images made during an IVU examination are typically done at time intervals between _____ minutes. 2 and 10 5 and 10 3 and 20 5 and 30 3 and 20 Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the urinary system? L3 Iliac crests 2 inches above the iliac crests 2 inches below the iliac crests iliac crests What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system? 0 degrees 5 degrees 10 degrees 15 degrees 0 degrees How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the urinary system? 30 degrees 35 degrees 40 degrees 45 degrees 30 degrees Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system? The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. Which decubitus position is commonly used during an IVU examination to demonstrate the ureteropelvic junction? Ventral decubitus Dorsal decubitus L lateral decubitus R lateral decubitus dorsal decubitus Which of the following is true regarding retrograde urography? 1. The ureters must be catheterized. 2. The exam provides little physiologic information. 3. Contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1, 2, and 3 Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram? Percutaneous technique Physiologic technique Retrograde filling technique Antegrade filling technique retrograde filling technique All of the following projections are used during a cystogram, except: PA oblique. AP. lateral. AP oblique. PA oblique What if the recommended size and orientation of the radiation field for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)? 8 × 10 inches (18 × 24 cm) crosswise 10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm) crosswise 10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm) lengthwise 14 × 17 inches (35 × 43 cm) crosswise 10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm) lengthwise Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)? At the pubic symphysis 1 inch above the upper border of the pubic symphysis 1½ inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram? 25 degrees 45 degrees 40 to 60 degrees 60 to 80 degrees 40 to 60 degrees Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection during a cystogram? The midcoronal plane A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane the midcoronal plane What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient? AP AP oblique PA oblique Lateral AP oblique Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram? Superior border of the pubic symphysis 2 inches above the pubic symphysis 2 inches below the pubic symphysis Variable based on body habitus Superior border of the pubic symphysis How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram? 20 degrees 30 degrees 45 degrees 35 to 40 degrees 35 to 40 degrees How is the central ray positioned to free the bladder neck of superimposition during a female cystourethrogram? 0 degrees 5 degrees caudad 5 degrees cephalad 10 degrees cephalad 5 degrees caudad The two kidneys lie: behind the peritoneum. behind the stomach. inside the peritoneum. inside the peritoneal cavity. behind the peritoneum. The concave medial border of the kidney where the blood vessels and ureter exit is called the: sinus. hilum. renal pelvis. renal papilla. hilum The mucosal folds on the inside of the urinary bladder are called: serosa. omenta. rugae. pleura. rugae The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is: IVP. EXU. KUB. IVU. IVU The radiographic examination of the urethra is called: cystography. cystourethrography. cystoureterography. retrograde urography. cystourethrography. The center of the compression device that is placed over the lower ureters during intravenous urography is positioned: 1 inch above the pubic symphysis. 1 inch above the iliac crests. at the level of the ASIS. at the level of the iliac crests. at the level of the ASIS.