NCLEX-PN Study Guide with correct Answers

Apgar Scoring ️️ A-appearance P-pulses G-grimace A-activity R-reflexes done at 1 and 5 min with a score of 0 for absent, 1 for decreased, and 2 for strongly positive AVA ️️ the umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein (arteries carry deoxygenated blood. The vein carries oxygenated blood) FAB 9-Folic acid=B9 (B stands for brain) decrease the incidence of neural tube defects ️️ the client should be taking B9 three months prior to becoming pregnant abnormalities in the laboring obstetric client ️️ decelerations are abnormal findings on the fetal monitoring strip decelerations are classified by: ️️ early decelerations, variable decelerations, and late decelerations early decelerations ️️ begin prior to the peak of the contraction and end by the end of the contraction. they are caused by head compression. there is no need for intervention if the variability is within normal range (that is, there is a rapid return to the baseline fetal heart rate) and the fetal heart rate is within normal range variable decelerations ️️ are noted as V-shaped on the monitoring strip. variable decelerations can occur anytime during monitoring the fetus. they are caused by cord compression. the intervention is to change the mothers position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen; and increase the rate of IV fluids. contact the doctor is the problem persists late decelerations ️️ occur after the peak of the contraction and mirror the contraction in length and intensity. these are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency. the intervention is to change the mother's position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen; and increase the rate of IV fluids. contact the doctor is the problem persists TORCHS syndrome in the neonate ️️ this is a combination of diseases. these include toxoplasmosis, rubella (German measles), cytomegalovirus, herpes, and syphyllis. pregnant nurses should not be assigned to care for the client with toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus STOP ️️ this is the treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia 1. stop pitocin if infusing 2. turn the client on the left side 3. adminster oxygen 4. if hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids anticoagulant therapy and monitoring: ️️ coumadin (sodium wararin) and heparin/lovenox/dalteparin Coumadin (sodium warfarin) PT ️️ 10-12 seconds control coumadin antidote ️️ vitamin K heparin/lovenox/dalteparing PTT ️️ 30-45 seconds control heparin antidote ️️ protamine sulfate therapeutic level of anticoagulant therapy ️️ it is important to maintain a bleeding time that is slightly prolonged so that clotting will not occur; therefore, the bleeding time with medication should be 1 1/2-2 times the control (the control is the premedication bleeding time) Rules of nines for calculation TBSA for burns ️️ head, arms, back, legs, genitalia head ️️ 9%