BIO 182 FINAL EXAM ASU Questions Correctly Answered

EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM BIO 182 FINAL EXAM ASU Questions Correctly Answered What is extinction? - answer✔✔The loss or death of a species What is mass extinction? - answer✔✔A decline in biodiversity greater than the background extinction rate What is background extinction? - answer✔✔Background extinction occurs when certain populations are reduced to zero because of normal environment change, emerging disease, predation pressure, or competition with another species How are mass extinctions dete cted and how many have been detected? - answer✔✔They're detected geologically, and there have been 5 detected What organisms became extinct during the Pleistocene and Cretaceous and what are possible causes for these extinctions? - answer✔✔Pleistocene: Woo ly Mammoth, Giant Short -Faced Bear, Dire Wolf, Giant Beaver, Shasta Ground Sloth, American Lion -Could be extinct because of climate change (warmer temps), human overkill (predation), pathogens Cretaceous: Dinosaurs -Could be extinct because of asteroid (i mpact hypothesis) What is the evidence to support that there will be a 6th mass extinction? - answer✔✔Modern rates of extinction are 100 to 1000 time greater than the background rate What is overexploitation? - answer✔✔-Any unsustainable removal of wildlif e from the natural environment by use of humans -Harvesting of organisms at rates exceeding the species ability to replace itself -The dominant threat to marine species -Overhunting What is habitat destruction? - answer✔✔Terrestrial Ecosystems: Conversion agriculture, logging, development and urbanization Aquatic Ecosystems: Draining and developing wetlands, damming rivers Species area curve - As the land area decreases, the number of species decreases EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM What is habitat fragmentation? - answer✔✔-The breakup of large pieces of natural habitat into small, isolated pieces -Can reduce a habitat to where it's too small to support a species -Reduces the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat to another (could be more vulnerable to catastrophes) -Create s a large amount of "edge" habitat (Edge effects light levels, pollution, poachers, and competition) -The species most impacted by this are those that require large territories to find food How can an exotic species contribute to extinction? - answer✔✔-An introduction of a new species, that could possibly become an invasive species -An exotic species could carry pathogens What are phenology shifts? - answer✔✔*Related to global climate change* -Timing of seasonal events -Concern mismatch between organisms What are geographic range shifts? - answer✔✔*Related to global climate change* -Organisms move into climates to which they're adapted -Concern for organisms in arctic and alpine regions (running out of habitat) What are consequences of extinction? - answer✔✔-Impacts productivity and stability, and biological communities -Ecosystem services -Could disrupt mutualisms What is resource use efficiency? - answer✔✔-When species diversity is high, more overall water is used and more photosynthesis can occur What is facilitation? - answer✔✔-Certain species facilitate the growth of another species by providing them with nutrients, partial shade, etc. What is a food chain? - answer✔✔-Connects the trophic levels in a particular ecosystem -Describes how energy mov es from one trophic level to another What is the decomposer food chain? - answer✔✔-Made up of species that eat the dead remains of organisms