Coming of democracy in South
Africa
& Coming to terms with the past
Notes
IEB History
,Contents
Contents....................................................................................................................................... 2
Terminology................................................................................................................................. 3
Acronyms..................................................................................................................................... 3
Timeline........................................................................................................................................ 3
The negotiated settlement & Government of National Unity...................................................4
Background:.................................................................................................................................4
Secret negotiations w ANC-in-exile & negotiations w Mandela............................................... 5
1990 - 1991:.................................................................................................................................. 6
Release of political prisoners & unbanning of organisations.................................................6
Debates around negotiations..................................................................................................... 7
Summary of agreements:............................................................................................................8
CODESA 1.................................................................................................................................... 8
CODESA 2.................................................................................................................................... 9
Breakdown of negotiations.......................................................................................................10
Multi-party negotiation process resumes............................................................................... 12
Murder of Chris Hani..............................................................................................................12
Ongoing violence.......................................................................................................................13
AWB invasion of World Trade Centre.................................................................................... 13
St James Massacre, Amy Biehl & killing at the Heidelberg Tavern....................................... 14
Final road to democracy in 1994:.............................................................................................14
drafting of the Constitution & Bill of Rights............................................................................14
The fall of Mangope & Gqozo; Bophuthatswana shootings...................................................15
Inkatha Freedom Party March to Shell House and Shell House Massacre...........................15
Freedom Front and IFP join elections....................................................................................16
Government of National Unity and the making of the new Constitution..............................16
, Terminology
● Regime: a government, especially an authoritarian one
● Delegation: a body of delegates or representatives; a deputation.
Acronyms
● IDASA: Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa
● NP: National Party
● UDM: United Democratic Movement
● ANC
● PAC:
● SACP: South African Communist Party
● CP: Conservative Party
● AWB: Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging
● CODESA: Convention for a Democratic South Africa
● IFP: Inkatha Freedom Party
● COSAG: Concerned South African Groups
● MPNP: Multi-Party Negotiation Process
● GNU: Government of National Unity
Timeline
1986 ● ANC agrees to negotiate w NP
1989
February ● FW de Klerk elected NP leader after PW Bother stroke
July - 5 ● PW Botha & Mandela meet at Tuynhuys
August - 14 ● PW Botha resigns from state presidency
September ● FW de Klerk elected President
October ● Namibia independent
October ● Walter Sisulu & 7 other ANC leaders released from prison
November ● Repeal: Separate Amenities Act
December ● De Klerk meets Mandela
1990
February - 2 ● De Klerk unbans ANC, SACP & other organisations
February - 11 ● De Klerk releases Mandela
March - 26 ● Sebokeng shootings
May - 4 ● Talks begin at Groote Shuur Estate in Cape Town: Cape Town Accord
August - 6 ● Pretoria Minute - ANC agrees to suspend arms struggle
1991
January ● Nelson Mandela & Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi meet
Africa
& Coming to terms with the past
Notes
IEB History
,Contents
Contents....................................................................................................................................... 2
Terminology................................................................................................................................. 3
Acronyms..................................................................................................................................... 3
Timeline........................................................................................................................................ 3
The negotiated settlement & Government of National Unity...................................................4
Background:.................................................................................................................................4
Secret negotiations w ANC-in-exile & negotiations w Mandela............................................... 5
1990 - 1991:.................................................................................................................................. 6
Release of political prisoners & unbanning of organisations.................................................6
Debates around negotiations..................................................................................................... 7
Summary of agreements:............................................................................................................8
CODESA 1.................................................................................................................................... 8
CODESA 2.................................................................................................................................... 9
Breakdown of negotiations.......................................................................................................10
Multi-party negotiation process resumes............................................................................... 12
Murder of Chris Hani..............................................................................................................12
Ongoing violence.......................................................................................................................13
AWB invasion of World Trade Centre.................................................................................... 13
St James Massacre, Amy Biehl & killing at the Heidelberg Tavern....................................... 14
Final road to democracy in 1994:.............................................................................................14
drafting of the Constitution & Bill of Rights............................................................................14
The fall of Mangope & Gqozo; Bophuthatswana shootings...................................................15
Inkatha Freedom Party March to Shell House and Shell House Massacre...........................15
Freedom Front and IFP join elections....................................................................................16
Government of National Unity and the making of the new Constitution..............................16
, Terminology
● Regime: a government, especially an authoritarian one
● Delegation: a body of delegates or representatives; a deputation.
Acronyms
● IDASA: Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa
● NP: National Party
● UDM: United Democratic Movement
● ANC
● PAC:
● SACP: South African Communist Party
● CP: Conservative Party
● AWB: Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging
● CODESA: Convention for a Democratic South Africa
● IFP: Inkatha Freedom Party
● COSAG: Concerned South African Groups
● MPNP: Multi-Party Negotiation Process
● GNU: Government of National Unity
Timeline
1986 ● ANC agrees to negotiate w NP
1989
February ● FW de Klerk elected NP leader after PW Bother stroke
July - 5 ● PW Botha & Mandela meet at Tuynhuys
August - 14 ● PW Botha resigns from state presidency
September ● FW de Klerk elected President
October ● Namibia independent
October ● Walter Sisulu & 7 other ANC leaders released from prison
November ● Repeal: Separate Amenities Act
December ● De Klerk meets Mandela
1990
February - 2 ● De Klerk unbans ANC, SACP & other organisations
February - 11 ● De Klerk releases Mandela
March - 26 ● Sebokeng shootings
May - 4 ● Talks begin at Groote Shuur Estate in Cape Town: Cape Town Accord
August - 6 ● Pretoria Minute - ANC agrees to suspend arms struggle
1991
January ● Nelson Mandela & Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi meet
