EEMB 2 Midterm Dr. Evens UCSB Questions and Answers Solved 100%

(C P N) - C = predators search and attack probability P = number of predators N = number of prey (C P N) = consumption rate of prey Abiotic Factors - non-living chemical and physical factors (ex: temp, light, nutrient, water) Solutions are acclimation or adaptation amensalism - (- , 0) biotic factor; one species is negatively affected and the other remains unaffected (ex: big tree shades over smaller trees) Aristotle - wrote Historia Animalium Biotic factors - living factors aka other organism interaction (can limit the distribution of many organisms due to the presence of other organisms) Buffon, Malthus, Quetelet & Verhulst - studied population regulation Carrying capacity (K) - the maximum population an environment can support climate - long term average atmospheric conditions commensalism - (+ , 0) biotic factor; one species benefits while the other remains unaffected (ex: roachies + humans) community - 2 or more populations living in the same areacompetition - (- , -) biotic interaction; both species negatively affected Connell - pioneer of experimental maine ecology density - # of individuals per unit volume or area density-dependent control - alter birth and death rates dependent on density; can stabilize a population (ex: parasitism, predation) density-independent control - factors that alter birth and death rates independent of the density; can't stabilize a population (ex: flood, fire) dispersal - moving from one geographic area to another distribution - how a population is distributed through an environment; clumped, uniform, random ecology - goal of ecology: to observe patterns, describe processes and use this information to predict, manage and control ecosystem - comprising the community, together with its physical enivironment Elton - came up with the Diversity-Stability hypothesis emigration rate - # moving out per unit time exploitative competition - indirect competition over a resource exponential growth - growth that assumes unlimited resources dN/dt = rNfactors limiting distribution - 1. geographic barriers 2. behavior 3. biotic interactions 4. abiotic factors