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Samenvatting Campbell and Reece: H17

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Samenvatting van H17 uit het boek Campbell and Reece: biology. Handig voor deeltoets 2 van het vak moleculaire biologie!

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Which chapters are summarized?
H17
Uploaded on
October 3, 2019
Number of pages
20
Written in
2018/2019
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HOOFDSTUK 17: GENES SPECIFY PROTEINS VIA TRANSCRIPTION
AND TRANSLATION

Concept 17.1

Centrale dogma​: DNA → RNA → eiwit
Transcriptie​: de stap van DNA naar RNA
Translatie​: de stap van (m)RNA naar een eiwit




Prokaryote cel Eukaryote cel

DNA → mRNA → eiwit DNA → pre-mRNA → RNA → eiwit

- ​Transcriptie en translatie kunnen - Transcriptie en translatie ruimtelijk
tegelijkertijd plaatsvinden gescheiden
- Na transcriptie een ​primair transcript /
pre-mRNA
- RNA-processing maakt hiervan een mRNA




1

,De genetische code
20 aminozuren maar 4 verschillende bases (ACTG)
Meerdere basen samen ‘vertalen’ we naar 1 aminozuur
Codon​: 3 basen vormen 1 codon




Codon tabel

Start codon​: ​AUG
Stop codons​:
● UAA:​ You Are Away
● UAG:​ You Are Gone
● UGA:​ You Go away

Opdracht: vertaal het volgende stukje DNA naar
aminozuren
AUG - ACC - ACG - UUG - UGA
M T T L Stop




2

, Concept 17.2

mRNA wordt gevormd aan de template streng van het DNA (dus 1 ‘vertaalslag’)

Transcriptie​: RNA synthese
3 fasen:
1. Initiatie
2. Elongatie
3. Terminatie

RNA synthese door ​RNA polymerase
● Trekt DNA strengen uit elkaar
● Verbind RNA nucleotiden 5’ → 3’
● Geen primer nodig

Het RNA is complementair aan DNA template strand (en dus gelijk aan coding strand (T = U))


Prokaryoot Eukaryoot

1 RNA polymerase 3 RNA polymerases
- Afhankelijk van type RNA
- mRNA door ​RNA-pol III


RNA polymerase bindt aan een ​promotor

Downstream​: kant waar RNA polymerase heen gaat (dus na de promotor)
Upstream​: alles voor RNA polymerase (dus voor de promotor)




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