UCF Pathophysiology- Exam 1 Updated 2024/2025 Actual Questions and answers with complete solutions

3 Phases of Inflammatory Response - Increased blood flow to site - Increased vascular permeability - Migration of WBC's to site. Adaptive Immunity - Developed over time by exposure to pathogens or in a broader sense, antigens. Specific response to infectious agent. Immunological memory of the invader. Albinism - Autosomal recessive disorder. Unable to synthesize tyrosinase. Risk for skin cancer, sun burn. Aneuploidy - Abnormal number of a particular chromosome, resulting from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction may occur. APC's - Macrophages, dendritic cells. Apoptosis - Cell suicide, cells consciously choose to die, and are engulfed by other cells and do not erupt. Triggered by intracellular signaling cascades. Can be a normal physiological process or pathological in some cases. Atrophy - Shrinkage in cell size by the loss of cell substance. Diminished in function, but not dead. B-Cells - Made is bone marrow. They are plasma cells that generate antibodies. Benign Neoplasia - Grows slowly, little vascularity, rarely necrotic, retains function of origin tissue. Generally encapsulated. BRCA1 & BRCA2 - Breast cancer genes. Family history and inherited defect in BRCA1 increases risk of breast (85%) and ovarian cancer (40-60%).Caseous Necrosis - Cheesy, area is white fragile and soft. Dead cells walled off by inflammatory WBC's. CD4 - Type of T Cell. Regulators (helpers). CD8 - Type of T Cell. Effectors. Cellular Adaptations - Responses that allow cells to modulate structure and function, may not be beneficial to the cell (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, etc)