BCBA TERMS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!

(NCR) reversal technique - An experimental control technique that demonstrates the effects of reinforcement by using NCR as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition A-B design - 2 phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B), A-B-A design - an experiment entailing one reversal, 3-phase design consisting of initial baseline phase (A) until steady state (B) implemented until behavior has changed and steady state, return to baseline (A) by withdrawing IV (B)", A-B-A-B design - A-B-A design with addition of second intervention phase to see if initial treatment effects are replicated, abative effect - ..., A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. ABC recording/anecdotal observation - a form of direct continuous observation in which the observer records a descriptive temporally sequenced account of all behaviors of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those behaviors as those events occurred in the client's natural environment. abolishing operation (AO) - ..., A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion. accuracy - how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured adjunctive behaviors - Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of periodic reinforcement for other behaviors; time-filling or interim activities (e.g., doodling, idle talking, smoking, drinking) that are induced by schedules of reinforcement, during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered. Also called schedule-induced mation of the consequent - A three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent (if-A then-B) statement and proceeds as follows: (1) If A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) therefore, A is true. Although other factors could be responsible for the truthfulness of A, a sound experiment affirms several if-A then-B possibilities, each one reducing the likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being responsible for the observed changes in behavior (Source: CHH, 2 Ed). alternating treatments design - An experimental design in which two or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions alternative schedule (alt) - Provides reinforcement whenever the requirement of either a ratio schedule or an interval schedule—the basic schedules that make up the alternative schedule—is met, regardless of which of the component schedule's requirements is met first. antecedent - stuff that exist or occur prior to behavior of interest antecedent intervention - A behavior change strategy that manipulates contingency-independent antecedent stimuli (motivating operation). antecedent stimulus class - A set of stimuli that share a common relationship. All stimuli in an antecedent stimulus class evoke the same operant behavior, or elicit the same respondent behavior. arbitrary stimulus class - Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under (e.g., peanuts, cheese, coconut milk and chicken breasts are members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they evoke the response "sources of protein"). artifact - an outcome or result that appears to exist because of the way it was measured but in fact does not correspond to what was observed. ascending baseline - A data path that shows an increasing trend in the response measure over nce - Anyone who functions as a discriminative stimulus evoking verbal behavior. autoclitic - A secondary verbal operant in which some aspect of a speaker's own verbal behavior functions as an SD or an MO for additional speaker verbal behavior. automatic reinforcement - Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (e.g., scratching an insect bite relieves the itch). automaticity of reinforcement - ...behavior is modified by it's consequences regardless of whether the individual is aware she is being reinforced aversive stimulus - stimulus conditions whose termination function as reinforcement avoidance contingency - a contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus B-A-B design - A three-phase experimental design that begins with the treatment condition. After steady state responding has been obtained during initial treatment phase (B), the treatment variable is withdrawn (A) to see whether responding changes in the absence of the independent variable. The treatment variable is then reintroduced (B) in an attempt to recapture the level of responding obtained during the first treatment phase. backup reinforcer - Tangible objects, activities, or privileges that serve as reinforcers and that can be purchased with tokens. Backward Chaining - A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued until the learner completes the entire chain ard chaining with leaps ahead - a backward chaining procedure in which some steps in the task analysis are skipped; used to increase the efficiency of teaching long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the learner's repertoire Baer, Wolf & Risley 1968 - what are the dimensions of applied behavior analysis? - Applied - socially significant Behavior- relevant (needs improvement), measureable, and whose behavior Analytic - functional relationships exist - control bar graph - a simple and versatile graphic format for summarizing behavioral data. shares most of the line graph's features but does not have distinct data points representing successive response measures through time