Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction -- Chapter 1 Questions and Answers

Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction -- Chapter 1 Social Order - Answer- The condition of a society characterized by social integration, consensus, smooth functioning, and lack of interpersonal and institutional conflict. Also, a lack of social disorganization. Social Disorganization - Answer- A condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptive, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus. Crime - Answer- Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable jurisdiction or excuse. Individual Rights - Answer- The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US constitution (especially those rights found in the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights). These rights are particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal justice system. Individual-rights advocate - Answer- One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice. Public-order advocate - Answer- One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights. Justice - Answer- The principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equity. Social Justice - Answer- An ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong. Civil justice - Answer- The civil law, the law of civil procedure, and the array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. Civil justice cannot be separated from social justice because the justice enacted in our nation's civil courts reflects basics American understandings of right and wrong. Criminal justice - Answer- In the strictest sense, the criminal (penal) law, the law of criminal procedure, and the array of procedures Administration of justice - Answer- The performance of any of the following activities: detection, apprehension, detention, pretrial release, post-trial release, prosecution, adjudication, correctional supervision, or rehabilitation of accused persons or criminal offenders.