EEMB 3 MIDTERM 1 UCSB 2024 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!

3 mechanisms for prokaryot genetic recombination - 1.)Transformation 2.)Conjugation 3.)Transduction Absolute dating - -Radioactive isotopes decay over regular annual time periods (half-lives) -C14 5,700 yrs - radioactive isotopes vs stable isotopes -stable isotopes stay the same after the organism dies Alexander Fleming - -Discovered Penicillin -microbe v. microbe interaction -Capitalized on mistake in the lab, left plate out and fungus grew on it Algae - -Protist -plant like; photoautotroph Alteration of generations - alternates between haploid and diploid bodies Anabolism - Taking of monomers into a cell and polymerization of these monomers into polymers Apicomplexan (Plasmodium) - -cause malaria -requires two hosts to complete life cycle -Human(Haploid) and mosquito(Diploid) Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - -mutualistic infection -protect root hairs to hold more water-increase SA Asexual - 1.) Binary/Multiple Fission 2.)Budding 3.) Spore formation Auto- - inorganic carbon source (CO2) Big Bang Theory - -Massive explosion resulting in huge sum of energy, 15 bya -Condensing of matter into planets Biostratigraphy - -History of life 1.) fossils 2.) Absolute dating using radioactive decay Carl Woese - -reconstructed tree of life using gene sequences -used rRNA -Pairwise evolutionary distances (PED) PED = (# differences)/(total # bp) Catabolism - Take in polymers, catabolic polymers breaking stuff apart into monomers and ATP, energy yielding Cell Theory (basic unit of life) - 1.) Membranes 2.) Aqueous System (70% H2O) 3.) Polymerization 4.) Information Carriers & Transational Apparatus (DNA/RNA) 5.) Energy Flow and Storage 6.) Catalysts (enzymes)cell wall/membranes of prokaryotes - -Archaea: ether linked/ no peptidoglycan/ isoprene instead of fatty acids -Bacteria: ester linked/ fatty acids/ peptidoglycan/ gram + Changes in living organisms - -Genetic exchange -Environmental change-influences Characteristics of all microbes - 1.) Live in water 2.)Are food for higher trophic levels 3.)All are small Chemical disiquilibrium - -Chemical products and reactants are not at a stable/constant level -Drives evolution and diversity -Earth Chemical Evolution (Stage 1) - -Amino Acids and Nucleotides before cells -Extraterrestrial Input Hypothesis -Reducing Environment (Atmosphere) -Hydro-thermal Vent Hypothesis