HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 How did the study of Microbiology begin? - ANSWER when the simple microscope was invented by a textile merchant named Antony Van Leeuwenhoek How did Antony Van leeuwenhoek discover microorganisms? What did he call them? - ANSWER -studied lake water -animalcules Who was also credited with the discovery of the microscope? What did he call the microorganisms? - ANSWER -Robert Hooke: invented compound microscope -cells What is the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - ANSWER the theory that life arises spontaneously from non-living material What is the theory of Biogenesis? - ANSWER the theory that life can only arise from pre -exsisting life Who is Francesco Redi and what did he contribute to the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - ANSWER -an Italian biologest and physician -against SG theory: demonstrated that maggots on rotting meat came from eggs of flies landing on meat and not from the meat itself What was John Needham's contribution to the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - ANSWER supported SG theory: demonstrated boiled broths produced microorganisms after boiling; thought this proved broth gave rise to bacteria What was Father Spallanzani contribute to the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - ANSWER against SG theory: contradicted Needham's theory by modifying his experiment by sealing flasks after boiling the broth Despite arguments from Redi and Spallazani, what did some of the supporters of the theory of Spontaneous generation argue? - ANSWER some supporters argued that heating destroyed "vital force" neccessary for SG (this would be oxygen, but they didn't know wh at is was at the time) Who is Louis Pasteur and how did he contribute to the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - ANSWER -a french chemist -considered father of modern microbiology -credited with the Biogenesis theory -against SG theory: sorted out disputes by demonstrating that the air is filled with microorganisms with his swan -necked flask experiment Despite Pasteur's disproving of SG theory, why did some scientists still remain unconvinced? - ANSWER Pasteur's results were not fully reproducible -sometimes broth stayed sterile and sometimes it didnt; different laboratories got different results Who was John Tyndall and how did he contribute to the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - ANSWER against SG theory: John Tyndall was an English physicist that explained theconflicting data of Pastuer's experiment by showing that some broths had endospores which germinated after boiling -Pasteur used broths made w/ sugar or yeast (don't have endospores) -others used broths made w/ hay (frequently contain endospores) What are Endospores? - ANSWER -heat resistant forms of bacteria (they are spores produced by bacteria and do not die from heat) Who discovered bacterial endospores and what was that person's occupation? - ANSWER German botanist Ferdinand Cohn When did the Golden Age of Microbiology come about? - ANSWER After the theory of spontaneous generation was disproved