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Samenvatting exacte wetenschappen eiwitten en koolhydraten

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Samenvatting exacte wetenschappen eiwitten en koolhydraten

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July 23, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
2023/2024
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Exacte wetenschappen: Eiwitten en koolhydraten
1. INLEIDING
1. Macrovoedingsstoffen: organische verbindingen
- Vb.: eiwitten, koolhydraten en vetten  belangrijke rol als bouwstoffen en
energieleveranciers.
1. Microvoedingsstoffen: vitaminen, mineralen (Fe, Na, Ca, Cl, Mg,) en spoorelementen
(Zn, Cu, I,)  Nodig om goed te functioneren.
Mineralen voorgesteld in grammen – Spoorelementen voorgesteld in microgrammen

1. EIWITTEN
Vormen 20% van het lichaamsgewicht – bevatten C, H, O en N.
1.1 Functies
- Stevigheid: eiwitten vormen de bouwstoffen van het lichaam
o Vb.: structurele eiwitten: keratine.
- Regulering stofwisseling: chemische processen in het lichaam
o Vb.: enzymen.
- Transport: transport in het bloed.
o Vb.: hemoglobine.
- Buffering pH bloedplasma
o Vb.: plasmaeiwitten: albumine
- Beweging: contractiele eiwitten
o Vb.: actine
- Coördinatie en regeling: regulering bloedsuiker dalen (insuline) en bloedsuiker
stijgen (glucagon)
- Verdediging
o Vb.: stollingseiwitten fibrinogeen niet doodbloeden bij een wonde en
antistoffen beschermen tegen virussen en bacteriën.

1.1 Eiwitstructuur – Aminozuren




- Vorming peptidebinding
o Dipeptide – Tripeptide – Polypeptide (meer dan 3
aminozuren)
o Eiwit: meer dan 100 aminozuren aan elkaar.
- Chemische voorstelling van een peptidebinding: condensatie




1.1 Eiwitten in de spijsvertering
- Zowel plantaardige als dierlijke producten – hydrolyse: afbraak van
stoffen en opname van water door aanwezigheid van enzymen.
- Lever: opbouw lichaamseigen eiwitten uit aangevoerde aminozuren.


1.1 Aminozuren
- Soorten aminozuren
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